Inspired by Thucydides' great study of the Peloponnesian war, in chapter 1 I suggested the possibility of a neoclassical Polimetrics, dialectically grounded in human experience, focused on contextually appropriate practical-normative standards of just conduct and institutional worth; its preferred dialectical “logic” would be modern argumentation theory. In the present chapter, I shall report on further explorations of the Western classical tradition for its insights into the appropriate tasks of political inquiry. I want to suggest how a methodological rereading of Aristotle can help us revise, enlarge and carry forward the neoclassical conception of politics and political methodology presented above. This rereading will find a multidisciplinary Aristotle employing and suggesting a variety of methodologies for sociopolitical inquiry. His approaches to Political Science will be found to be grounded in three characteristically different ideal types: an Ethical Aristotle, a Synthetic Aristotle, and an Aristotle for the ages – a Cosmological Aristotle.

Why pay special attention to Aristotle in a book on international studies? What purposes have I had in recovering contemporarily oriented, methodologically relevant Aristotles? Aristotle has been arguably the most influential philosopher/practitioner of scientific and humanistic studies in the history of Western civilization.