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Chapter Sixteen - Coping with Failed Prophesy: A Socio-Psychological Explanation for the Rise of Christianity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2019

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Summary

I've had to go a long way. I've given up just about everything. I've cut every tie: I've burned every bridge. I've turned my back on the world. I can't afford to doubt. I have to believe. And there isn't any other truth.

— Dr. Armstrong, a disappointed Sananda cult member (1956)

Suppose an individual believes something with his whole heart; suppose further that he has a commitment to this belief, that he has taken irrevocable actions because of it; finally, suppose that he is presented with evidence, unequivocal and undeniable evidence, that his belief is wrong: what will happen? The individual will frequently emerge, not only unshaken, but even more convinced of the truth of his beliefs than ever before. Indeed, he may even show a new fervor about convincing and converting other people to his view.

— Leon Festinger et al., When Prophecy Fails (1956)

Hardly had the report arrived from Aleppo that Elijah had appeared in the Old Synagogue there, and Elijah walked streets of Smyrna. Dozens, even hundreds, had seen him: he was the anonymous beggar asking for alms, as well as the as the invisible guest, at every banquet.

— Gershom Scholem, Sabbatai Șevi (1973)

The stunning speed with which this belief has spread in the absence of a scintilla of evidence should capture the attention of all historians who have struggled to explain and reconstruct the development of early Christian beliefs in the resurrection and the empty tomb.

— David Berger, The Rebbe, the Messiah and the Scandal of Orthodox Indifference (2008)

As discussed in the previous chapter, two concurrent processes came into play to generate the resurrection beliefs of the early Christians: (1) grief hallucinations; (2) the psychological process involved in coming to terms with the disconfirmation of deeply held beliefs. In this chapter, I shall look specifically at how the Jesus cultists came to terms with their shattered dreams and disappointment after the unexpected execution of their rabbi and how these efforts contributed to the development of Christianity.

Seeing the apparition of Jesus was a powerful force that convinced the cultists what they already anticipated based on their background beliefs that their teacher had been glorified and ascended to heaven to remain with the Most High but would shortly after that return to inaugurate the Kingdom of God on earth.

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Religion, Supernaturalism, the Paranormal and Pseudoscience
An Anthropological Critique
, pp. 405 - 424
Publisher: Anthem Press
Print publication year: 2019

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