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Chapter Six - Why We Think the World Is Haunted

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2019

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Summary

All proceeds from the usual propensity of mankind towards the marvelous, and that, though this inclination may at intervals receive a check from sense and learning, it can never be thoroughly extirpated from human nature.

— David Hume, Enquiries Concerning the Human Understanding (1748)

It is as if there were in the human consciousness a sense of reality, a feeling of objective presence, a perception of what we may call “something there,” more deep and more general than any of the special and particular “senses” by which the current psychology supposes existent in realities to be originally revealed.

— William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902)

We impose order [on the world] even when there is no motive to do so. We do not “want” to see a man on the moon. We do not profit from the illusion. We just see it. […] The predisposition to impose order can be so automatic and so unchecked that we often end up believing in the existence of phenomena that just aren't there.

— Thomas Gilovich, How We Know What Isn't so (1991)

The human information-processing system is such that we should expect ostensibly paranormal experiences to be frequently reported even if paranormal forces do not exist.

— Christopher French, Paranormal Perception (2001)

The ease with which we see faces, in particular, has led to the idea that we are inclined to see supernatural characters at the drop of a hat. Each year some bagel, muffin, burnt toast, potato chip, or even ultrasound of a fetus showing the face of some deity is paraded as evidence for divine miracles.

— Bruce Hood Supersense (2009)

In this chapter, I begin my examination of the cognitive and psychological foundations of religious and paranormal beliefs. The main question addressed is, How and why do people think of such things? My anthropological investigations of religious specialists over many years that brought me into contact with a variety of paranormal and supernatural practitioners have led me to the conclusion that humans seem to have particular cognitive biases that naturally result in paranormal ideation. It is as if the misunderstood and mysterious workings of their own minds have mystified humans across space and time.

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Religion, Supernaturalism, the Paranormal and Pseudoscience
An Anthropological Critique
, pp. 121 - 146
Publisher: Anthem Press
Print publication year: 2019

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