Chapter 11 develops in depth that specific stream in the analysis of modern international law which goes by the label TWAIL – short for Third World Approaches to International Law – on which, as the name suggests, Western international law is viewed from a Third World perspective. Here we survey the work of scholars like R. P. Anand, Antony Anghie, James Thuo Gathii, Balakrishnan Rajagopal, Siba N’Zatioula Grovogui, and Bhupinder Chimni, closing in on two specific theses they advance about international law: first, that this is the source from which comes the ideology on which basis colonialism has been justified; and, relatedly, that international law places itself at the service of the Western powers’ new colonial approaches.