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‘Said the Mistress to the Bishop’: Alice Perrers, William Wykeham and Court Networks in Fourteenth-Century England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2019

Laura Tompkins
Affiliation:
Historic Royal Palaces, London
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Summary

On 20 January 1385 a writ was issued to William Wykeham, bishop of Winchester, with the order to keep within his custody:

all the jewels that had been placed in his hands by Alice, who was the wife of William de Wyndesore, knight, after the judgement rendered against her in parliament in 1 Richard II, and pledged for a sum of money received by her of the bishop, being yet in his hands as the king has learned of a surety.

Or, in other words, Wykeham was being accused of being in possession of goods that were forfeit to the crown. Alice Wyndesore, or Alice Perrers as she is better known, rose to prominence at court during the 1360s as the notorious and powerful mistress of Edward III, where she established herself as a dominant political force until the death of the king in June 1377. A deeply unpopular and controversial figure, only a few months after Edward died Alice was put on trial in the opening parliament of the reign of Richard II, where she was sentenced to forfeiture and banishment from the realm. At the time of her conviction, the officials of the Exchequer efficiently and systematically confiscated Alice's properties and possessions. There were, however, clearly lingering rumours of secret stores of jewels and cash that had slipped through the administrative net. In September 1384, just four months before the writ to Wykeham was issued, the mayor of London, Nicholas Brembre, had been ordered to conduct an enquiry into any debts that had been owed to Alice on the day of her forfeiture, and to ascertain what goods and chattels belonging to her had been concealed from the crown at that time. Wykeham was not named as part of this investigation, but there is a strikingly similar item in the Brembre report indicating that Alice had been in possession of £20,000 of jewels, which, according to the investigators, had afterwards entered into the possession not of Wykeham but of her then husband Sir William Wyndesore, the king's former lieutenant in Ireland.

The accusation against Wykeham appears to have been a direct result of his loss of royal favour at this time.

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Ruling Fourteenth-Century England
Essays in Honour of Christopher Given-Wilson
, pp. 205 - 226
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2019

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