Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Maps
- List of Tables
- List of Text-figures
- Preface
- CHAPTER XI THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD IN EGYPT
- CHAPTER XII THE LAST PREDYNASTIC PERIOD IN BABYLONIA
- CHAPTER XIII THE CITIES OF BABYLONIA
- CHAPTER XIV THE OLD KINGDOM IN EGYPT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
- CHAPTER XV PALESTINE IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
- CHAPTER XVI THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD IN MESOPOTAMIA
- CHAPTER XVII SYRIA BEFORE 2200 B.C.
- CHAPTER XVIII ANATOLIA, c. 4000–2300 b.c.
- CHAPTER XIX THE DYNASTY OF AGADE AND THE GUTIAN INVASION
- CHAPTER XX THE MIDDLE KINGDOM IN EGYPT: INTERNAL HISTORY FROM THE RISE OF THE HERACLEOPOLITANS TO THE DEATH OF AMMENEMES III
- CHAPTER XXI SYRIA AND PALESTINE c. 2160–1780 b.c.
- CHAPTER XXII BABYLONIA, c. 2120–1800 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXIII PERSIA, c. 2400–1800 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXIV (a) ANATOLIA, c. 2300–1750 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXIV(b) ANATOLIA IN THE OLD ASSYRIAN PERIOD
- CHAPTER XXV ASSYRIA, c. 2600–1816 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXVI(a) GREECE, CRETE, AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
- CHAPTER XXVI(b) CYPRUS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
- CHAPTER XXVII IMMIGRANTS FROM THE NORTH
- BIBLIOGRAPHIES
- Chronological Tables
- Index to Maps
- General Index
- Map 6. Babylonia and Western Persia.
- Map 12. Early Bronze Age sites in Greece and the Aegean Islands.
- Map 16. Map to illustrate movements of northern peoples in the third to first millennia B.C.
- References
CHAPTER XIII - THE CITIES OF BABYLONIA
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
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Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Maps
- List of Tables
- List of Text-figures
- Preface
- CHAPTER XI THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD IN EGYPT
- CHAPTER XII THE LAST PREDYNASTIC PERIOD IN BABYLONIA
- CHAPTER XIII THE CITIES OF BABYLONIA
- CHAPTER XIV THE OLD KINGDOM IN EGYPT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
- CHAPTER XV PALESTINE IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
- CHAPTER XVI THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD IN MESOPOTAMIA
- CHAPTER XVII SYRIA BEFORE 2200 B.C.
- CHAPTER XVIII ANATOLIA, c. 4000–2300 b.c.
- CHAPTER XIX THE DYNASTY OF AGADE AND THE GUTIAN INVASION
- CHAPTER XX THE MIDDLE KINGDOM IN EGYPT: INTERNAL HISTORY FROM THE RISE OF THE HERACLEOPOLITANS TO THE DEATH OF AMMENEMES III
- CHAPTER XXI SYRIA AND PALESTINE c. 2160–1780 b.c.
- CHAPTER XXII BABYLONIA, c. 2120–1800 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXIII PERSIA, c. 2400–1800 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXIV (a) ANATOLIA, c. 2300–1750 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXIV(b) ANATOLIA IN THE OLD ASSYRIAN PERIOD
- CHAPTER XXV ASSYRIA, c. 2600–1816 B.C.
- CHAPTER XXVI(a) GREECE, CRETE, AND THE AEGEAN ISLANDS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
- CHAPTER XXVI(b) CYPRUS IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
- CHAPTER XXVII IMMIGRANTS FROM THE NORTH
- BIBLIOGRAPHIES
- Chronological Tables
- Index to Maps
- General Index
- Map 6. Babylonia and Western Persia.
- Map 12. Early Bronze Age sites in Greece and the Aegean Islands.
- Map 16. Map to illustrate movements of northern peoples in the third to first millennia B.C.
- References
Summary
THE SECOND AND THIRD EARLY DYNASTIC PERIODS
Materially, the changes between the first Early Dynastic period and the succeeding generations which made up the second and third were not great. The most marked was a development in the style of the cylinder-seals, which turned from patterns to a more representational set of designs and began to bear inscriptions; these last are the leading characteristic of the age. For with it we enter the realm of history, of record set down by men with the conscious aim of perpetuating their acts to posterity, and very soon is added the thought of imposing upon the present by reference to the past. Writing, invented in an earlier epoch, and employed since then constantly (even if appearing sporadically) for the purpose of memorandum concerning material things, was now adopted by kings and applied to religious and political ends. Here therefore begins in Babylonia a process which was under way at about the same time in Egypt.
The earliest appearance of writing in the alluvial plain of southern Iraq belongs to a period considerably earlier than the subject of this chapter, though the distance can hardly be measured in years. Owing to the scattered nature of the evidence, its development can be watched only in separate groups, and the first two of these, the tablets found at Uruk and at the site called Jamdat Nasr, belong to the subject-matter of the preceding chapter. These are followed in chronological order by the archaic tablets of Ur, which lay in two strata already existing when the celebrated ‘royal tombs’ were sunk in the ground, and since these visibly belonged to the full maturity of the Early Dynastic civilization the archaic tablets have been assigned to the beginning of this period.
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- The Cambridge Ancient History , pp. 93 - 144Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1971
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