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Exchange Network Topologies and Agent-Based Modeling: Economies of the Sedentary-Period Hohokam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Joshua Watts  and
Alanna Ossa
Joshua Watts*
Affiliation:
Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874804, Tempe, AZ 85287-4804
Alanna Ossa*
Affiliation:
Archaeological Consulting Services, 424 W Broadway Rd, Tempe, AZ 85282, Tempe, AZ
*
(jswatts@asu.edu)
(aeossa@gmail.com; corresponding author)
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Abstract

The origins and evolution of market-based economies remain poorly understood in part because the data from nascent markets are scarce and methods available to archaeologists are underdeveloped. Studying how markets evolved is vital for understanding the origins of a process that dominates modern economies around the world and has significant policy implications. We show how refining abstract models of exchange networks with household-scale distributional analyses and regional-scale computational agent-based models (ABMs) can lead to new understandings about the organization of a prehistoric economy. The Sedentary-period Hohokam of central Arizona—particularly for the middle Sacaton phase (A.D. 1020–1100)—have been identified as a middle-range society that traded pottery in a market-based economy, but the structure of their exchange networks is not well understood. We analyzed ceramic data from recent archaeological excavations at two sites in the Phoenix Basin using new network-inspired distributional approaches to evaluate exchange systems. Initial results were then assessed using simulated data generated by an ABM of Hohokam exchange networks. Final results indicated that the best-fitting ABM model configurations were those consistent with openly accessed market-based exchange and contributed new insights into the influence of natural landscape barriers such as the Salt River on exchange in the Phoenix Basin.

El origen y evolución de las economías de mercado sigue siendo poco conocido en parte debido a que existen pocos datos sobre los mercados emergentes y los métodos arqueológicos disponibles están escasamente desarrollados. El estudio de la evolución de los mercados es importante para la comprensión de los orígenes de un proceso que domina las economías modernas en todo el mundo y tiene implicaciones políticas importantes. En este trabajo mostramos como, el perfeccionamiento de los modelos teóricos de redes de intercambio mediante análisis distribucionales a escala doméstica y los modelos basados en agentes (MBA) a escala regional, pueden conducir a una nueva comprensión de la organización de las economías prehistóricas. El período Sedentario Hohokam del centro de Arizona, y especialmente su fase de Zacatón media (d.C. 1020–1100), han sido identificados como pertenecientes a una sociedad de rango medio cuyo comercio de la cerámica se basó en la economía de mercado. No obstante, la estructura de sus redes de intercambio es poco conocida. En este trabajo se analizaron los datos sobre cerámica de las excavaciones recientes en dos yacimientos arqueológicos en la cuenca de Phoenix utilizando nuevos métodos basados en análisis distribucionales de redes para evaluar los sistemas de intercambio. Los resultados iniciales se evaluaron utilizando datos simulados sobre redes de intercambio Hohokam generados mediante MBA. Los resultados finales indicaron que los que mejor se ajustan a las configuraciones de modelos MBA fueron aquellos consistentes en el intercambio basado en mercados. Además dichos resultados aportaron nuevos conocimientos sobre la influencia de barreras naturales como el río Salado en los intercambios en la cuenca de Phoenix.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , October 2016 , pp. 623 - 644
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2016 

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