In pre-Columbian Peru, conditions favorable for population concentration and cultural development were largely restricted to the coastal valleys and the high structural basins in the mountains. Most archaeologists who have dealt with comparative chronology have grouped adjacent valleys and compared their combined cultural sequences with those of a highland basin. The justification for this procedure has been the assumption that cultural uniformity would be found throughout these regional units in any given time period. For the valleys, such an assumption is based on the limited size of the area and the fact that each has only one major source of water supply to support an economy based on irrigated agriculture. The intensive archaeological work in Viru by the Institute of Andean Research verified the thesis of cultural uniformity for one valley. The situation in the highlands is, however, somewhat different since the basins are comparatively large, have many sources of water supply, and allow economies not totally dependent on irrigation. Only one highland basin, the Lake Titicaca, is sufficiently known archaeologically to allow examination of distributions at different time periods as a basis for evaluating its cultural unity or disunity. The present paper undertakes such a review.

This paper gives the results of test excavations conducted at the Lake Jackson site, Leon County, Florida by the Florida Park Service during the months of April and May, 1947. During this time systematic excavations were made in a portion of the village area lying in the vicinity of the large mounds for which the site is well known. These excavations were preliminary in nature, and it is hoped that they will be followed by more definitive study.

Few of the smaller proposed or authorized reservoir sites examined by River Basin Survey teams in the Northwest have yielded archaeological sites suitable for excavation. In some of them, however, the surveying parties have found extensive surface indications and made collections which are in themselves worthy of study and reporting. The Benham Falls Reservoir is in this latter class; indeed, it is the only'reservoir area in which no sites were found which warranted excavation and yet which exhibited extensive evidence of aboriginal use and yielded a fair surface collection. Consequently the data which resulted from the survey work are sufficient to justify their being made generally available. This is seen to be doubly true when it is recalled that no previous work has been done in the area.

Ever since the late Julio C. Tello gave it a prominent place in his scheme of the development of Peruvian culture the great site of Huari (or Wari, as Tello always wrote it) has been a vexing problem in Andean archaeology. As was the case with so many of his explorations, Tello never published a report on his work at Huari and his general statements about what he found there leave the reader in considerable confusion. The authors of this paper took advantage of a flying trip over the Peruvian Central Highway made in 1946 to make a brief visit to Huari and came away with the feeling that even the small amount of fresh information they could contribute to archaeological knowledge would be worth reporting.

The Wilbanks site, 9CK-5, is located in the Etowah Valley, north Georgia, about fifteen miles upstream from the famous Etowah site excavated by Moorehead (1932). Excavations here have produced one structure and three superimposed refuse deposits yielding a ceramic sequence contemporaneous with middle through late Mississippi.

Robert Wauchope (1948, p. 205) tested the site for the University of Georgia some years ago with a single trench into a mound, its main feature. A brief note on the results of this excavation was published as part of a more comprehensive paper.

Centering in Georgia and extending to the adjacent portions of the states of Tennessee, Alabama, North and South Carolina are a series of archaeological complexes characterized by pottery with a complicated stamped decoration. These complexes have not yet been sufficiently defined. This paper will attempt a partial statement of the resemblances and differences between the major divisions of the group. It will not attempt to evaluate the excavations in a detailed manner. This material is what Holmes (1903, pp. 130-137) called the South Appalachian Province in which he lumped all the stamped pottery from the southeastern area. The Swift Creek Complicated Stamped material as defined in a preliminary paper by Kelly (1938, pp. 25-31, Pl. 11, a) will not be considered here. It has become evident in recent years that subdivisions of the rest of the material could be made and that they would have temporal or spatial significance.

This brief statement is presented as a summary of the archaeological sequences as they have been postulated to date in the Texas area. It is a compilation of the results of investigations by.several dozen archaeologists who have worked in the area during the past quarter century or more. Necessarily it is brief and only a bare minimum of description of each cultural group has been included. Also, the sequential alignments are for the most part tentative. Only in rare instances has extensive field work established definitely the positions suggested. The McKern system of culture designation has been used to indicate groups and subdivisions of groups throughout, although the term aspect tends to have more of a temporal than spatial implication.

On the 11th of September, 1948, a farmer was ploughing on his farm near Lac du Bonnet, roughly fifty miles northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. His ploughshare turned up a stone hammer and at the same time laid bare an object which, at first, he took for a piece of wood or a potato, because of its size, shape, and colour. A moment later he realized that no potato could be there, and, investigating further, discovered that the object was the end of a large bone which had been artificially shaped.

Hammering and embossing are the most primitive forms of metalworking and they appear at the beginning of the history of Peruvian metals, but they have maintained their popularity in that country during all periods until the present. It is an archaeological characteristic of the coast of Peru that most copper or bronze objects were cast and that most gold and silver artifacts were hammered to shape. The Peruvians not only hammered flat surfaces but hollow'goblets and even hollow figures of men and animals. These were made in various sections and were joined by solder, an art mastered at a very early period.

The shell object, illustrated in Fig. 56, was excavated on the Lowton site, Manitoba, (S.W. Sec. 26, T. 5, R. 16, W. 1st). The date of recovery was September 18, 1945; it was found in Excavation 3, lay at a depth of 15 inches below the surface, and was associated with common Lowton site material.

A point with oblique parallel flaking was found in an eroded field on high ground, 2½ miles north of the Missouri River near Kansas City, Mo. Chert flakes scattered over the site indicate occupation over several acres but no other artifacts from the site are now available for study. The location and the eroded condition of this site are similar to those of the Nebo Hill Complex (J. M. Shippee, Nebo Hill, A Lithic Complex In Western Missouri, American Antiquity, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 29-32, 1948), but nothing else links them except the presence of the light colored chert flakes.

The recent publication (Griffin, J. W., Ed., 1949) of a series of papers delivered at a conference held at Rollins College in 1949 demonstrates the increasing potentiality of synthesizing the data of American archaeology. It is undoubtedly to be expected that the preliminary stages of synthesis will lead to some conflict of opinion, but this should be regarded as a healthy sign of growing interest.

In September 1949 I presented a short paper at the International Congress of Americanists in which I claimed that the calendar outlined in the first 14 pages of the Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin corroborated my correlation between the Maya and Christian timecounts. The new correlation,'derived from astronomical data in the Dresden Codex, equates 13.0.0.0.0 to B. C. 3374 March 10 Julian. Spinden's “Ahau Equation” places the basic date 246 days later, whereas the Goodman-Thompson correlation places it 260 years later, at B. C. 3114 September 7. At the close of the paper, Mr. Linton Satterthwaite, Jr. kindly remarked that archaeologists would reserve judgment until a translation of the Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin was published.