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Political Parties at War: A Study of American War Finance, 1789–2010

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

GUSTAVO A. FLORES-MACÍAS  and
SARAH E. KREPS
GUSTAVO A. FLORES-MACÍAS*
Affiliation:
Cornell University
SARAH E. KREPS*
Affiliation:
Cornell University
*
Gustavo Flores-Macías is Assistant Professor, Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853 (gaf44@cornell.edu).
Sarah E. Kreps is Assistant Professor, Department of Government, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853; and Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, New York, NY 10065 (sarah.kreps@cornell.edu).
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Abstract

What determines when states adopt war taxes to finance the cost of conflict? We address this question with a study of war taxes in the United States between 1789 and 2010. Using logit estimation of the determinants of war taxes, an analysis of roll-call votes on war tax legislation, and a historical case study of the Civil War, we provide evidence that partisan fiscal differences account for whether the United States finances its conflicts through war taxes or opts for alternatives such as borrowing or expanding the money supply. Because the fiscal policies implemented to raise the revenues for war have considerable and often enduring redistributive impacts, war finance—in particular, war taxation—becomes a high-stakes political opportunity to advance the fiscal interests of core constituencies. Insofar as the alternatives to taxation shroud the actual costs of war, the findings have important implications for democratic accountability and the conduct of conflict.

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Type
Research Article
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American Political Science Review , Volume 107 , Issue 4 , November 2013 , pp. 833 - 848
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2013 

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