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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
The final years of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth signified a time in which the Cuban people adjusted to a reality for which they were not fully prepared. The world created by centuries of Spanish colonialism crumbled in a spectacular and miserable manner, leaving in its wake a country desolated by war and famine. On January 1, 1899, the Spanish flag was lowered from El Morro in Havana and replaced with the flag of the United States. During this politico-military transition from Spanish rule to U.S. occupation, the defenders of independentismo and Cuba Libre were ignored and humiliated.
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12 A critique of Ramiro Guerra may be found in the prologue of the work by Arredondo, Alberto, Cuba: Tierra indefensa (Havana, 1945).Google Scholar For an early analysis of Guerra’s thoughts see his “La historia y los factores históricos,” Cuba Contemporánea (August 1921).
13 Sánchez, Ramiro Guerra, Historia de Cuba, desde su descubrimiento hasta 1868 (Havana, 1971),Google Scholar prologue.
14 Ramiro Guerra wrote numerous works for the Asociación Nacional de Hacendados. Guerra wanted to organize all small and medium land owners into an alliance.
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18 Portell Vilá, Herminio, Cuba y la Conferencia de Montevideo (Havana, 1934).Google Scholar The criticism by Flagg Bemis, Samuel can be found in La diplomacia de Estados Unidos en América Latina (México, 1944), p. 442.Google Scholar
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20 Ibid.
21 All citations are from Irisarri, José Miguel, La moneda cubana y los problemas económicos (Havana, 1930).Google Scholar Irisarri’s influence on the economic and political thought of his time is yet to be examined. His activity as university professor and public figure influenced leftist groups of Marxist tendencies, especially at the university. Nonetheless, he kept a certain amount of independence from the Communist Party. He had a close relationship with Antonio Guiteras and was a member of the Central Committee of “Joven Cuba.” He was the principal writer for this organization.
22 The role of Irisarri in the organization Joven Cuba is discussed in Tabares del Real, José A., Guiteras (Havana, 1990),Google Scholar and Cabrera, Olga, En tiempos de Antonio Guiteras (Havana, 1974).Google Scholar
23 Alienes Urosa, Julián, Características fundamentales de la economía cubana (Havana, 1950), p. 23.Google Scholar
