Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T00:15:29.161Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of isobutyrate supplementation in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves diet on growth performance, rumen development, blood metabolites and hormone secretion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2016

C. Wang ,
Q. Liu ,
Y. L. Zhang ,
C. X. Pei ,
S. L. Zhang ,
G. Guo ,
W. J. Huo ,
W. Z. Yang  and
H. Wang
C. Wang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
Q. Liu*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
Y. L. Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
C. X. Pei
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
S. L. Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
G. Guo
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
W. J. Huo
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
W. Z. Yang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P O Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
H. Wang
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County, Yuci 030600, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
*
†E-mail: liuqiangabc@163.com
Get access

Abstract

Isobutyrate supplements could improve rumen development by increasing ruminal fermentation products, especially butyrate, and then promote the growth performance of calves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isobutyrate supplementation on growth performance, rumen development, blood metabolites and hormone secretion in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves. In total, 56 Chinese Holstein male calves with 30 days of age and 72.9±1.43 kg of BW, blocked by days of age and BW, were assigned to four groups in a randomized block design. The treatments were as follows: control, low-isobutyrate, moderate-isobutyrate and high-isobutyrate with 0, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09 g isobutyrate/kg BW per calf per day, respectively. Supplemental isobutyrate was hand-mixed into milk of pre-weaned calves and the concentrate portion of post-weaned calves. The study consisted of 10 days of an adaptation period and a 50-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Seven calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 45 and 90 days of age. BW, dry matter (DM) intake and stomach weight were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were determined. For pre- and post-weaned calves, DM intake and average daily gain increased linearly (P<0.05), but feed conversion ratio decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. Total stomach weight and the ratio of rumen weight to total stomach weight tended to increase (P=0.073) for pre-weaned calves and increased linearly (P=0.021) for post-weaned calves, whereas the ratio of abomasum weight to total stomach weight was not affected for pre-weaned calves and decreased linearly (P<0.05) for post-weaned calves with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. Both length and width of rumen papillae tended to increase linearly for pre-weaned calves, but increased linearly (P<0.05) for post-weaned calves with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. The relative expression of messenger RNA for growth hormone (GH) receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 in rumen mucosa increased linearly (P<0.05) for pre- and post-weaned calves with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. Blood concentrations of glucose, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, GH and IGF-1 increased linearly (P<0.05) for pre- and post-weaned calves, whereas blood concentration of insulin decreased linearly with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. The present results indicated that isobutyrate promoted growth of calves by improving rumen development and its ketogenesis in a dose-dependent manner.

Keywords

isobutyrategrowth performancerumen developmentblood parameterdairy calves
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 5 , May 2017 , pp. 794 - 801
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1997. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Baldwin, RL 2004. Rumen development, intestinal growth and hepaticmetabolism in the pre- and postweaning ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science 87, E55–E65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bannink, A, France, J, Lopez, S, Gerrits, W, Kebreab, E, Tamminga, S and Dijkstra, J 2008. Modelling the implications of feeding strategy on rumen fermentation and functioning of the rumen wall. Animal Feed Science and Technology 143, 3–26.Google Scholar
Brameld, JM, Atkinson, JL, Saunders, JC, Pell, JM, Buttery, PJ and Gilmour, RS 1996. Effects of growth hormone administration and dietary protein intake on insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression in porcine liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Journal of Animal Science 74, 1832–1841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breier, BH 1999. Regulation of protein and energy metabolism by the somatotropic axis. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 17, 209–218.Google Scholar
Connor, EE, Li, RW, Baldwin, RL and Li, C 2010. Gene expression in the digestive tissues of ruminants and their relationships with feeding and digestive processes. Animal 4, 993–1007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denman, SE and McSweeney, CS 2006. Development of a real-time PCR assay for monitoring anaerobic fungal and cellulolytic bacterial populations within the rumen. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 58, 572–582.Google Scholar
Górka, P, Kowalski, ZM, Pietrzak, P, Kotunia, A, Jagusiak, W, Holst, JJ, Guilloteau, R and Zabielski, R 2011. Effect of method of delivery of sodium butyrate on rumen development in newborn calves. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 5578–5588.Google Scholar
Gorka, P, Kowalski, ZM, Pietrzak, P, Kotunia, A, Kiljanczyk, R, Flaga, J, Holst, JJ, Guilloteau, P and Zabielski, R 2009. Effect of sodium butyrate supplementation in milk replacer and starter diet on rumen development in calves. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 60 (suppl. 3), 47–53.Google ScholarPubMed
Hamamdzic, M 1989. Recent knowledge on the role of isoacids in rumen metabolism and milk production. Veterinaria (Sarajevo) 38, 3–17.Google Scholar
Heinrichs, AJ and Lesmeister, KE 2005. Rumen development in the dairy calf. In Calf and heifer rearing (ed. Garnworthy PC), pp. 53–66. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Kasuya, E, Hodate, K, Matsumoto, M, Sakaguchi, M, Hashizume, T and Kanematsu, S 1996. The effects of xylazine on plasma concentrations growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-i, glucose and insulin in calves. Endocrine Journal 43, 145–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuzinski, J, Zitnan, R, Viergutz, T, Legath, J and Schweige, M 2011. Altered Na+/K+-ATPase expression plays a role in rumen epithelium adaptation in sheep fed hay ad libitum or a mixed hay/concentrate diet. Veterinarni Medicina 56, 35–47.Google Scholar
Lane, MA, Baldwin, RL and Jesse, BW 2002. Developmental changes in ketogenic enzyme gene expression during sheep rumen development. Journal of Animal Science 80, 1538–1544.Google Scholar
Li, HQ, Liu, Q, Wang, C, Zhang, YL, Pei, CX, Wang, YX, Guo, G, Huo, WJ, Zhang, SL and Liu, JX 2015. Effects of 2-methylbutyrate on rumen fermentation, enzyme activities and cellulolytic bacteria in pre-weaning and post-weaning dairy calves. Acta veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica 46, 2218–2226.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Huang, YX, Dong, KH, Yang, WZ and Wang, H 2008. Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers. Archives of Animal Nutrition 62, 377–388.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Huang, YX, Dong, KH, Yang, WZ, Zhang, SL and Wang, H 2009a. Effects of isovalerate on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 93, 716–725.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Pei, CX, Li, HY, Wang, YX, Zhang, SL, Zhang, YL, He, JP, Wang, H, Yang, WZ, Bai, YS, Shi, ZG and Liu, XN 2014. Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet. Livestock Science 161, 60–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Yang, WZ, Zhang, B, Yang, XM, He, DC, Dong, KH and Huang, YX 2009b. Effects of isobutyrate on rumen fermentation, lactation performance and plasma characteristics in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 154, 58–67.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Zhang, YL, Pei, CX, Zhang, SL, Li, HQ, Guo, G, Huo, WJ, Yang, WZ and Wang, H 2016. Effects of 2-methylbutyrate supplementation on growth performance and rummen development in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 216, 129–137.Google Scholar
Martens, H, Rabbani, I, Zanming, S, Stumpff, F and Deiner, D 2012. Changes in rumen absorption processes during transition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 172, 95–102.Google Scholar
Mentschel, J, Leiser, R, Mülling, C, Pfarrer, C and Claus, R 2001. Butyric acid stimulates rumen mucosa development in the calf mainly by a reduction of apoptosis. Archives of Animal Nutrition 55, 85–102.Google Scholar
Mir, PS, Mir, Z and Robertson, JA 1986. Effect of branched chain amino acids or fatty acid supplementation on in vitro digestibility of barley straw or alfalfa hay. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, 151–156.Google Scholar
Misra, AK and Thakur, SS 2001. Effects of dietary supplementation of sodium salt of isobutyrate acid on ruminal fermentation and nutrient utilization in a wheat straw based low protein diets fed to crossbred cattle. Asian-Austrilia Journal of Animal Science 14, 479–484.Google Scholar
National Research Council 2001. Nutrient requirements of young calf. In Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, chapter 10, 7th revised edition (ed. Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, and Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources), pp. 214–233. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Nazari, M, Karkoodi, K and Alizadeh, A 2012. Performance and physiological responses of milk-fed calves to coated calcium butyrate supplementation. South African Journal of Animal Science 42, 296–303.Google Scholar
Penner, GB, Steele, MA, Aschenbach, JR and McBride, BW 2011. Ruminant nutrition symposium: molecular adaptation of ruminal epithelia to highly fermentable diets. Journal of Animal Science 89, 1108–1119.Google Scholar
Plöger, S, Stumpff, F, Penner, G, Schulzke, J, Gäbel, G, Martens, H, Shen, Z, Günzel, D and Aschenbach, J 2012. Microbial butyrate and its role for barrier function in the gastrointestinal tract. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1258, 52–59.Google Scholar
SAS 2002. User’s guide: statistics, version, 9th edition. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Trinder, P 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 6, 24–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Val Neto, ER, Lana, RP, Val, HN, Leão, MI and Mâncio, AB 2010. Evaluation of performance of lactating dairy cows supplemented with branched chain volatile fatty acids (Nutricattle). Journal of Animal Science 88, 439. (abstract).Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Wang, C, Liu, Q, Pei, CX, Li, HY, Wang, YX, Wang, H, Bai, YS, Shi, ZG, Liu, XN and Li, P 2012. Effects of 2-methylbutyrate on rumen fermentation, ruminal enzyme activities, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in steers. Livestock Science 145, 160–166.Google Scholar
Wang, C, Liu, Q, Zhang, YL, Pei, CX, Zhang, SL, Wang, YX, Yang, WZ, Bai, YS, Shi, ZG and Liu, XN 2015. Effects of isobutyrate supplementation on ruminal microflora, rumen enzyme activities and methane emissions in Simmental steers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99, 123–131.Google Scholar
Williamson, DH, Mellanby, J and Krebs, HA 1962. Enzymic determination of D(−)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid in blood. Biochemical Journal 82, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, YL, Liu, Q, Wang, C, Pei, CX, Li, HY, Wang, YX, Yang, WZ, Bai, YS, Shi, ZG and Liu, XN 2015. Effects of supplementation of Simmental steers ration with 2-methylbutyrate on rumen microflora, enzyme activities and methane production. Animal Feed Science and Technology 199, 84–92.Google Scholar