Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-06T13:46:04.373Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genomics of metabolic adaptations in the peripartal cow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2010

J. J. Loor
J. J. Loor*
Affiliation:
Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
*
†E-mail: jloor@illinois.edu
Get access

Abstract

The peripartal period is characterized by dramatic alterations in metabolism and function of key tissues such as liver, adipose and mammary. Metabolic regulation relies partly on transcriptional control of gene networks, a collection of DNA segments, which interact with a transcription factor or nuclear receptor, as a mechanism controlling the concentration of key enzymes in cells. These ‘global’ interactions can govern the rates at which genes in the network are transcribed into mRNA. The study of the entire genome, sub-networks or candidate genes at the mRNA level encompasses the broad field of genomics. Genomics of peripartal metabolic adaptations has traditionally been focused on candidate genes and more recently, using microarrays, on the broader transcriptome landscape. The candidate gene approach has expanded our knowledge on the functional adaptations of ureagenesis, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, inflammation and growth hormone signaling in liver. More recent work with peripartal mammary tissue has used a gene network approach to study milk fat synthesis regulation as well as a candidate gene approach to study lipid transport, glucose uptake and inflammatory response. Network and pathway analysis of microarray data from cows fed different levels of dietary energy pre partum has revealed unique clusters encompassing functional categories including signal transduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ) signaling, PPARα signaling, immune or inflammatory processes and cell death in subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as liver. Of interest from a nutritional perspective is the potential to alter PPARγ signaling in adipose and PPARα signaling in liver as a means to enhance insulin sensitivity as well as fatty acid oxidation post partum. Major advances in understanding the metabolic adaptations of peripartal cows will come from using a systems biology approach to integrate data generated at the mRNA, protein, metabolite and tissue level across different nutritional management approaches and with cows of different genetic merit. This will allow the assembly of the important components needed to improve existing metabolic models of the peripartal cow and provide the tools to manipulate complex processes that could have significant long-term economic impact including lactation persistency, fertility and efficiency. An important goal of the future will be to apply additional experimental tools (e.g. gene silencing) and bioinformatics (e.g. transcription factor binding site identification) to studies focused on peripartal cows.

Keywords

liveradiposemammarysystems biologylactation
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 7: XIth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology (ISRP), 6–9 September, 2009 Clermont-Ferrand (France) , July 2010 , pp. 1110 - 1139
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acosta-Alvear, D, Zhou, Y, Blais, A, Tsikitis, M, Lents, NH, Arias, C, Lennon, CJ, Kluger, Y, Dynlacht, BD 2007. XBP1 controls diverse cell type- and condition-specific transcriptional regulatory networks. Molecular Cell 27, 53–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adams, HA, Southey, BR, Robinson, GE, Rodriguez-Zas, SL 2008. Meta-analysis of genome-wide expression patterns associated with behavioral maturation in honey bees. BMC Genomics 9, 503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adida, A, Spener, F 2006. Adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein as inter-compartmental shuttle for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonists in cultured cell. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1761, 172–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aitken, SL, Karcher, EL, Rezamand, P, Gandy, JC, VandeHaar, MJ, Capuco, AV, Sordillo, LM 2009. Evaluation of antioxidant and proinflammatory gene expression in bovine mammary tissue during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 589–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, MS, Bradford, BJ, Harvatine, KJ 2005. The cow as a model to study food intake regulation. Annual Review of Nutrition 25, 523–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvaro, D, Mancino, MG, Onori, P, Franchitto, A, Alpini, G, Francis, H, Glaser, S, Gaudio, E 2006. Estrogens and the pathophysiology of the biliary tree. World Journal of Gastroenterology 12, 3537–3545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, JB, Ridder, C, Larsen, T 2008. Priming the cow for mobilization in the periparturient period: effects of supplementing the dry cow with saturated fat or linseed. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 1029–1043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andrew, SM, Waldo, DR, Erdman, RA 1994. Direct analysis of body composition of dairy cows at three physiological stages. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 3022–3033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Armstrong, MB, Towle, HC 2001. Polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate hepatic UCP-2 expression via a PPARalpha-mediated pathway. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, E1197–E1204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bader, N, Jung, T, Grune, T 2007. The proteasome and its role in nuclear protein maintenance. Experimental Gerontology 42, 864–870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badman, MK, Pissios, P, Kennedy, AR, Koukos, G, Flier, JS, Maratos-Flier, E 2007. Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is regulated by PPARalpha and is a key mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism in ketotic states. Cell Metabolism 5, 426–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baird, GD, Heitzman, RJ, Hibbitt, KG 1972. Effects of starvation on intermediary metabolism in the lactating cow. A comparison with metabolic changes occurring during bovine ketosis. Biochemical Journal 128, 1311–1318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baldwin, RL, McLeod, KR, Capuco, AV 2004. Visceral tissue growth and proliferation during the bovine lactation cycle. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2977–2986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballard, FJ, Hanson, RW, Leveille, GA 1967. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the synthesis of glyceride-glycerol from pyruvate in adipose tissue. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 242, 2746–2750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballou, MA, Gomes, RC, Juchem, SO, DePeters, EJ 2009. Effects of dietary supplemental fish oil during the peripartum period on blood metabolites and hepatic fatty acid compositions and total triacylglycerol concentrations of multiparous Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 657–669.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauchart, D 1993. Lipid absorption and transport in ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3864–3881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauman, DE, Currie, WB 1980. Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: a review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. Journal of Dairy Science 9, 1514–1529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE, Griinari, JM 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition 23, 203–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, AW 1979. Lipid metabolism in liver and selected tissues and in the whole body of ruminant animals. Progress in Lipid Research 18, 117–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, AW 1995. Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science 73, 2804–2819.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergen, WG, Mersmann, HJ 2005. Comparative aspects of lipid metabolism: impact on contemporary research and use of animal models. The Journal of Nutrition 135, 2499–2502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, J, Moller, DE 2002. The mechanisms of action of PPARs. Annual Review of Medicine 53, 409–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernabucci, U, Ronchi, B, Basiricò, L, Pirazzi, D, Rueca, F, Lacetera, N, Nardone, A 2004. Abundance of mRNA of apolipoprotein B100, apolipoprotein E, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in liver from periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2881–2888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernabucci, U, Ronchi, B, Lacetera, N, Nardone, A 2005. Influence of body condition score on relationships between metabolic status and oxidative stress in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 2017–2026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, L, Bonnet, M, Leroux, C, Shingfield, KJ, Chilliard, Y 2009. Effect of sunflower-seed oil and linseed oil on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression and milk fatty acid secretion in alpine goats fed maize silage based diets. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 6083–6094.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertoni, G, Trevisi, E, Han, X, Bionaz, M 2008. Effects of inflammatory conditions on liver activity in puerperium period and consequences for performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 3300–3310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biegel, LB, Hurtt, ME, Frame, SR, Applegate, M, O’Connor, JC, Cook, JC 1992. Comparison of the effects of Wyeth-14,643 in Crl:CD BR and Fisher-344 rats. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19, 590–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bionaz, M, Loor, JJ 2008a. ACSL1, AGPAT6, FABP3, LPIN1, and SLC27A6 are the most abundant isoforms in bovine mammary tissue and their expression is affected by stage of lactation. The Journal of Nutrition 138, 1019–1024.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bionaz, M, Loor, JJ 2008b. Gene networks driving bovine milk fat synthesis during the lactation cycle. BMC Genomics 9, 366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bionaz, M, Drackley, JK, Dann, HM, Loor, JJ 2007a. Liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and acyl-CoA synthase (ACSL) isoform gene expression due to plane of dietary energy prepartum in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (E-suppl. 1), 972.Google Scholar
Bionaz, M, Drackley, JK, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Dann, HM, Janovick Guretzky, NA, Everts, RE, Oliveira, R, Lewin, HA, Loor, JJ 2007b. Uncovering adaptive hepatic gene networks due to prepartum plane of dietary energy and physiological state in periparturient Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (E-suppl. 1), 971.Google Scholar
Bionaz, M, Trevisi, E, Calamari, L, Librandi, L, Ferrari, A, Bertoni, G 2007c. Plasma paraoxonase, health, inflammatory conditions, and liver function in transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 1740–1750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bionaz, M, Baumrucker, CR, Shirk, E, Vanden Heuvel, JP, Block, E, Varga, GA 2008. Short communication: characterization of Madin-Darby Bovine kidney cell line for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: temporal response and sensitivity to fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 2808–2813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bobe, G, Young, JW, Beitz, DC 2004. Pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3105–3124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonilla, S, Redonnet, A, Noël-Suberville, C, Pallet, V, Garcin, H, Higueret, P 2000. High-fat diets affect the expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptor in rat liver. The British Journal of Nutrition 83, 665–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bossaert, P, Leroy, JL, De Vliegher, S, Opsomer, G 2008. Interrelations between glucose-induced insulin response, metabolic indicators, and time of first ovulation in high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 3363–3371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradford, BJ, Mamedova, LK, Minton, JE, Drouillard, JS, Johnson, BJ 2009. Daily injection of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} increases hepatic triglycerides and alters transcript abundance of metabolic genes in lactating dairy cattle. The Journal of Nutrition 139, 1451–1456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brasaemle, DL 2007. Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. The perilipin family of structural lipid droplet proteins: stabilization of lipid droplets and control of lipolysis. Journal of Lipid Research 48, 2547–2559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bremmer, DR, Bertics, SJ, Besong, SA, Grummer, RR 2000. Changes in hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and triglyceride in periparturient dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 2252–2260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruggeman, FJ, Westerhoff, HV 2007. The nature of systems biology. Trends in Microbiology 15, 45–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cappon, GD, Liu, RC, Frame, SR, Hurtt, ME 2002. Effects of the rat hepatic peroxisome proliferator, Wyeth 14,643, on the lactating goat. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 25, 255–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carriquiry, M, Weber, WJ, Fahrenkrug, SC, Crooker, BA 2009. Hepatic gene expression in multiparous Holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed n-3 fatty acids in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4889–4900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castañeda-Gutiérrez, E, Benefield, BC, de Veth, MJ, Santos, NR, Gilbert, RO, Butler, WR, Bauman, DE 2007. Evaluation of the mechanism of action of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on reproduction in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 4253–4264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chawla, A, Repa, JJ, Evans, RM, Mangelsdorf, DJ 2001. Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science 294, 1866–1870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheon, Y, Nara, TY, Band, MR, Beever, JE, Wallig, MA, Nakamura, MT 2005. Induction of overlapping genes by fasting and a peroxisome proliferator in pigs: evidence of functional PPARalpha in nonproliferating species. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, R1525–R1535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y 1993. Dietary fat and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants, pigs and rodents: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3897–3927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y 1999. Metabolic adaptations and nutrient partitioning in the lactating animal. In Biology of lactation (ed. J Martinet, LM Houdebine and HH Head), pp. 503–552. Collection Mieux Comprendre, INRA Editions, Paris.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Faulconnier, Y, Bonnet, M, Rouel, J, Bocquier, F 2000. Adipose tissue metabolism and its role in adaptations to undernutrition in ruminants. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 127–134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y, Delavaud, C, Bonnet, M 2005. Leptin expression in ruminants: nutritional and physiological regulations in relation with energy metabolism. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 29, 3–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ciechanover, A 2006. Intracellular protein degradation: from a vague idea thru the lysosome and the ubiquitin-proteasome system and onto human diseases and drug targeting. Experimental Biology and Medicine 231, 1197–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coleman, RA, Lewin, TM, Van Horn, CG, Gonzalez-Baró, MR 2002. Do long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases regulate fatty acid entry into synthetic versus degradative pathways? The Journal of Nutrition 132, 123–2126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalen, KT, Ulven, SM, Arntsen, BM, Solaas, K, Nebb, HI 2006. PPARalpha activators and fasting induce the expression of adipose differentiation-related protein in liver. Journal of Lipid Research 47, 931–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dann, HM, Drackley, JK 2005. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in liver of periparturient dairy cows: effects of prepartum intake, postpartum induction of ketosis, and periparturient disorders. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3851–3859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dann, HM, Morin, DE, Bollero, GA, Murphy, MR, Drackley, JK 2005. Prepartum intake, postpartum, induction of ketosis, and periparturient disorders affect the metabolic status of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3249–3264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dann, HM, Litherland, NB, Underwood, JP, Bionaz, M, D'Angelo, A, McFadden, JW, Drackley, JK 2006. Diets during far-off and close-up dry periods affect periparturient metabolism and lactation in multiparous cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 3563–3577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desvergne, B, Michalik, L, Wahli, W 2006. Transcriptional regulation of metabolism. Physiological Review 86, 465–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devchand, PR, Keller, H, Peters, JM, Vazquez, M, Gonzalez, FJ, Wahli, W 1996. The PPARα-leukotriene B4 pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384, 39–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobrin, R, Zhu, J, Molony, C, Argman, C, Parrish, ML, Carlson, S, Allan, MF, Pomp, D, Schadt, EE 2009. Multi-tissue coexpression networks reveal unexpected subnetworks associated with disease. Genome Biology 10, R55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, GN, Rehage, J, Beaulieu, AD, Bahaa, AO, Drackley, JK 2007. Prepartum nutrition alters fatty acid composition in plasma, adipose tissue, and liver lipids of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 2941–2959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drackley, JK 1999. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: the final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2259–2273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drackley, JK, Andersen, JB 2006. Splanchnic metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in ruminants. In Ruminant physiology: digestion, metabolism and impact of nutrition on gene expression, immunology and stress (ed. K Sejrsen, T Hvelplund and MO Nielsen), Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 199–224. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Utrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Drackley, JK, Dann, HM 2008. A scientific approach to feeding dry cows. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. PC Garnsworthy and J Wiseman), Chapter 3. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Drackley, JK, Overton, TR, Douglas, GN 2001. Adaptations of glucose and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in liver of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 84, E100–E112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drackley, JK, Dann, HM, Douglas, GN, Janovick Guretzky, NA, Litherland, NB, Underwood, JP, Loor, JJ 2005. Physiological and pathological adaptations in dairy cows that may increase susceptibility to periparturient diseases and disorders. Italian Journal of Animal Science 4, 323–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drackley, JK, Donkin, SS, Reynolds, CK 2006. Major advances in fundamental dairy cattle nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1324–1336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Etherton, TD, Bauman, DE 1998. Biology of somatotropin in growth and lactation of domestic animals. Physiological Reviews 78, 745–761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feist, AM, Palsson, BO 2008. The growing scope of applications of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions using Escherichia coli. Nature Biotechnology 26, 659–667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finck, BN, Gropler, MC, Chen, Z, Leone, TC, Croce, MA, Harris, TE, JrLawrence, JC, Kelly, DP 2006. Lipin 1 is an inducible amplifier of the hepatic PGC-1alpha/PPARalpha regulatory pathway. Cell Metabolism 4, 199–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finucane, KA, McFadden, TB, Bond, JP, Kennelly, JJ, Zhao, FQ 2008. Onset of lactation in the bovine mammary gland: gene expression profiling indicates a strong inhibition of gene expression in cell proliferation. Functional & Integrative Genomics 8, 251–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowers, JB, Rabaglia, ME, Schueler, KL, Flowers, MT, Lan, H, Keller, MP, Ntambi, JM, Attie, AD 2007. Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 improves insulin sensitivity in lean mice but worsens diabetes in leptin-deficient obese mice. Diabetes 56, 1228–1239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forman, BM, Tontonoz, P, Chen, J, Brun, RP, Spiegelman, BM, Evans, RM 1995. 15-Deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR gamma. Cell 83, 803–812.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furuhashi, M, Hotamisligil, GS 2008. Fatty acid-binding proteins: role in metabolic diseases and potential as drug targets. Nature Review of Drug Discovery 7, 489–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, J, Liddle, C 2008. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis and potential for nuclear receptors as therapeutic targets. Molecular Pharmacology 5, 49–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibb, MJ, Ivings, WE, Dhanoa, MS, Sutton, JD 1992. Changes in body components of autumn-calving Holstein-Friesian cows over the first 29 weeks of lactation. Animal Production 55, 339–360.Google Scholar
Gibbons, GF, Wiggins, D, Brown, AM, Hebbachi, AM 2004. Synthesis and function of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein. Biochemical Society Transactions 32, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glimcher, LH, Lee, AH 2009. From sugar to fat: how the transcription factor XBP1 regulates hepatic lipogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1173 (suppl. 1), E2–E9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, JM 2008. The gregarious lipid droplet. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 28005–28009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Göttlicher, M, Widmark, E, Li, Q, Gustafsson, JA 1992. Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 9, 4653–4657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorin, E, Tal-Or, Z, Shafrir, E 1969. Glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue of fasted, diabetic and triamcinolone treated rats. European Journal of Biochemistry 8, 370–375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graugnard, DE, Berger, LL, Faulkner, DB, Loor, JJ 2009. High-starch diets induce precocious adipogenic gene network up-regulation in longissimus lumborum of early-weaned Angus cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 103, 953–963.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grav, HJ, Tronstad, KJ, Gudbrandsen, OA, Berge, K, Fladmark, KE, Martinsen, TC, Waldum, H, Wergedahl, H, Berge, RK 2003. Changed energy state and increased mitochondrial beta-oxidation rate in liver of rats associated with lowered proton electrochemical potential and stimulated uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) expression: evidence for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha independent induction of UCP-2 expression. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, 30525–30533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, RB, Cecava, MJ, Donkin, SS 2000. Changes in mRNA expression for gluconeogenic enzymes in liver of dairy cattle during the transition to lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1228–1236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruffat, D, Durand, D, Graulet, B, Bauchart, D 1996. Regulation of VLDL synthesis and secretion in the liver. Reproduction Nutrition and Development 36, 375–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruffat, D, Durand, D, Chilliard, Y, Williams, P, Bauchart, D 1997. Hepatic gene expression of apolipoprotein B100 during early lactation in underfed, high producing dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 657–666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grum, DE, Drackley, JK, Younker, RS, LaCount, DW, Veenhuizen, JJ 1996. Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 1850–1864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grummer, RR 1995. Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science 73, 2820–2833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grummer, RR 2008. Nutritional and management strategies for the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cattle. Veterinary Journal 176, 10–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guo, Y, Jolly, RA, Halstead, BW, Baker, TK, Stutz, JP, Huffman, M, Calley, JN, West, A, Gao, H, Searfoss, GH, Li, S, Irizarry, AR, Qian, HR, Stevens, JL, Ryan, TP 2007. Underlying mechanisms of pharmacology and toxicity of a novel PPAR agonist revealed using rodent and canine hepatocytes. Toxicology Science 96, 294–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanigan, MD, Bateman, HG, Fadel, JG, McNamara, JP 2006. Metabolic models of ruminant metabolism: recent improvements and current status. Journal of Dairy Science 89, E52–E64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartwell, JR, Cecava, MJ, Donkin, SS 2001. Rumen undegradable protein, rumen-protected choline and mRNA expression for enzymes in gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 490–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvatine, KJ, Bauman, DE 2006. SREBP1 and thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 (S14) are involved in the regulation of bovine mammary lipid synthesis during diet-induced milk fat depression and treatment with CLA. The Journal of Nutrition 136, 2468–2474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauner, H 2002. The mode of action of thiazolidinediones. Diabetes and Metabolism Research Reviews Supplement 2, S10–S15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbein, JH, Aiello, RJ, Eckler, LI, Pearson, RE, Akers, RM 1985. Glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, and glucose concentrations in blood plasma of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 68, 320–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hostetler, HA, Petrescu, AD, Kier, AB, Schroeder, F 2005. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha interacts with high affinity and is conformationally responsive to endogenous ligands. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 18667–18682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, H, Starodub, O, McIntosh, A, Kier, AB, Schroeder, F 2002. Liver fatty acid-binding protein targets fatty acids to the nucleus. Real time confocal and multiphoton fluorescence imaging in living cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 29139–29151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, LM, Bao, J, Hu, ZL, Honavar, V, Reecy, JM 2008. Animal trait ontology: the importance and usefulness of a unified trait vocabulary for animal species. Journal of Animal Science 86, 1485–1491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingle, DL, Bauman, DE, Garrigus, US 1972. Lipogenesis in the ruminant: in vitro study of tissue sites, carbon source and reducing equivalent generation for fatty acid synthesis. The Journal of Nutrition 102, 609–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingvartsen, KL 2006. Feeding- and management-related diseases in the transition cow. Physiological adaptations around calving and strategies to reduce feeding-related diseases. Animal Feed Science and Technology 126, 175–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itoh, T, Fairall, L, Amin, K, Inaba, Y, Szanto, A, Balint, BL, Nagy, L, Yamamoto, K, Schwabe, JW 2008. Structural basis for the activation of PPARgamma by oxidized fatty acids. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 15, 924–931.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janovick, NA, Loor, JJ, Ji, P, Everts, RE, Lewin, HA, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Drackley, JK 2009. Overfeeding energy prepartum dramati cally affects peripartal expression of mRNA transcripts in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with controlling energy intake prepartum. Journal of Dairy Science 92 (E-suppl. 1), 709.Google Scholar
Jenkins, TC, Wallace, RJ, Moate, PJ, Mosley, EE 2008. Board-invited review: recent advances in biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids within the rumen microbial ecosystem. Journal of Animal Science 86, 397–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jesse, BW, Emery, RS, Thomas, JW 1986a. Control of bovine hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2290–2297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jesse, BW, Emery, RS, Thomas, JW 1986b. Aspects of the regulation of long-chain fatty acid oxidation in bovine liver. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 2298–2303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jiang, H, Lucy, MC, Crooker, BA, Beal, WE 2005. Expression of growth hormone receptor 1A mRNA is decreased in dairy cows but not in beef cows at parturition. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 1370–1377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Julius, U 2003. Influence of plasma free fatty acids on lipoprotein synthesis and diabetic dyslipidemia. Experimental Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 111, 246–250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jump, DB 2008. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of hepatic gene transcription. Current Opinion in Lipidology 19, 242–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kadegowda, AKG, Bionaz, M, Piperova, LS, Erdman, RA, Loor, JJ 2009. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation and long-chain fatty acids alter lipogenic gene networks in bovine mammary epithelial cells to various extents. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4276–4289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, LJ, Vicario, PP, Thompson, GM, Candelore, MR, Doebber, TW, Ventre, J, Wu, MS, Meurer, R, Forrest, MJ, Conner, MW, Cascieri, MA, Moller, DE 1998. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and alpha mediate in vivo regulation of uncoupling protein (UCP-1, UCP-2, UCP-3) gene expression. Endocrinology 139, 4920–4927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kersten, S, Seydoux, J, Peters, JM, Gonzalez, FJ, Desvergne, B, Wahli, W 1999. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α mediates the adaptive response to fasting. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 103, 1489–1498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, BL, Hebbachi, A, Hauton, D, Brown, AM, Wiggins, D, Patel, DD, Gibbons, GF 2005. A role for PPARalpha in the control of SREBP activity and lipid synthesis in the liver. The Biochemical Journal 389, 413–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kulick, AE, Greesley, TF, Pires, JAA, Grummer, RR 2006. Effects of abomasal lipid infusion on liver triglyceride accumulation during fatty liver induction. Journal of Dairy Science 89 (E-suppl. 1), 266.Google Scholar
Legrand, P, Catheline, D, Fichot, MC, Lemarchal, P 1997. Inhibiting delta9-desaturase activity impairs triacylglycerol secretion in cultured chicken hepatocytes. The Journal of Nutrition 127, 249–256.Google ScholarPubMed
Lemor, A, Hosseini, A, Sauerwein, H, Mielenz, M 2009. Transition period-related changes in the abundance of the mRNAs of adiponectin and its receptors, of visfatin, and of fatty acid binding receptors in adipose tissue of high-yielding dairy cows. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 37, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leroy, JL, Vanholder, T, Delanghe, JR, Opsomer, G, Van Soom, A, Bols, PE, Dewulf, J, de Kruif, A 2004. Metabolic changes in follicular fluid of the dominant follicle in high-yielding dairy cows early post partum. Theriogenology 62, 1131–1143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leroy, JL, Vanholder, T, Van Knegsel, AT, Garcia-Ispierto, I, Bols, PE 2008. Nutrient prioritization in dairy cows early postpartum: mismatch between metabolism and fertility. Reproduction of Domestic Animals 43 (suppl. 2), 96–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litherland, NL, Bionaz, M, Wallace, RL, Loor, JJ, Drackley, JK 2010. Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonists clofibrate and fish oil on hepatic fatty acid metabolism in weaned dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 93 (in press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Herbein, JH 2003. Reduced fatty acid synthesis and desaturation due to exogenous trans10,cis12-CLA in cows fed oleic or linoleic oil. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1354–1369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Cohick, WS 2009. ASAS centennial paper: lactation biology for the twenty-first century. Journal of Animal Science 87, 813–824.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Dann, HM, Everts, RE, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Lewin, HA, Drackley, JK 2004. Mammary and hepatic gene expression analysis in peripartal dairy cows using a bovine cDNA microarray. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (E-suppl. 1), T134.Google Scholar
Loor, JJ, Dann, HM, Everts, RE, Oliveira, R, Green, CA, Janovick-Guretzky, NA, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Lewin, HA, Drackley, JK 2005a. Temporal gene expression profiling of liver from periparturient dairy cows reveals complex adaptive mechanisms in hepatic function. Physiological Genomics 23, 217–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Doreau, M, Chardigny, JM, Ollier, A, Sebedio, JL, Chilliard, Y 2005b. Effects of ruminal or duodenal supply of fish oil on milk fat secretion and profiles of trans-fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in dairy cows fed maize silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology 119, 227–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loor, JJ, Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y, Doreau, M 2005c. Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, or sunflower oil. Animal Feed Science and Technology 119, 203–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loor, JJ, Bionaz, HM, Janovick-Guretzky, NA, Everts, RE, Oliveira, R, Green, CA, Litherland, NB, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Lewin, HA, Drackley, JK 2006. Plane of nutrition prepartum alters hepatic gene expression and function in dairy cows as assessed by longitudinal transcript and metabolic profiling. Physiological Genomics 27, 29–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loor, JJ, Bionaz, M, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Dann, HM, Janovick-Guretzky, NA, Everts, RE, Oliveira, R, Lewin, HA, Drackley, JK 2007a. Liver transcription factor networks affected by prepartum plane of dietary energy and physiological state in periparturient Holstein cows. In Convergence of genomics and the land-grant mission: emerging trends in the application of genomics in agricultural research. Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, 79pp.Google Scholar
Loor, JJ, Everts, RE, Bionaz, M, Dann, HM, Morin, DE, Oliveira, R, Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Drackley, JK, Lewin, HA 2007b. Nutrition-induced ketosis alters metabolic and signaling gene networks in liver of periparturient dairy cows. Physiological Genomics 32, 105–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucy, MC 2007. Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Society of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 64, 224–237.Google ScholarPubMed
Madsen, SA, Chang, LC, Hickey, MC, Rosa, GJ, Coussens, PM, Burton, JL 2004. Microarray analysis of gene expression in blood neutrophils of parturient cows. Physiological Genomics 16, 212–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mandard, S, Müller, M, Kersten, S 2004. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes. Cell and Molecular Life Science 61, 393–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mani, O, Sorensen, MT, Sejrsen, K, Bruckmaier, RM, Albrecht, C 2009. Differential expression and localization of lipid transporters in the bovine mammary gland during the pregnancy-lactation cycle. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 3744–3756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marra, F, Bertolani, C 2009. Adipokines in liver diseases. Hepatology 50, 957–969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mashek, DG, Grummer, RR 2003. Effects of long chain fatty acids on lipid and glucose metabolism in monolayer cultures of bovine hepatocytes. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 2390–2396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mashek, DG, Bertics, SJ, Grummer, RR 2002. Metabolic fate of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and their effects on palmitic acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in bovine hepatocytes. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2283–2289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mashek, DG, Bertics, SJ, Grummer, RR 2005. Effects of intravenous triacylglycerol emulsions on hepatic metabolism and blood metabolites in fasted dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 100–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsuzaka, T, Shimano, H 2009. Elovl6: a new player in fatty acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Molecular Medicine 87, 379–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsuzaka, T, Shimano, H, Yahagi, N, Kato, T, Atsumi, A, Yamamoto, T, Inoue, N, Ishikawa, M, Okada, S, Ishigaki, N, Iwasaki, H, Iwasaki, Y, Karasawa, T, Kumadaki, S, Matsui, T, Sekiya, M, Ohashi, K, Hasty, AH, Nakagawa, Y, Takahashi, A, Suzuki, H, Yatoh, S, Sone, H, Toyoshima, H, Osuga, J, Yamada, N 2007. Crucial role of a long-chain fatty acid elongase, Elovl6, in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nature Medicine 13, 1193–1202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McArthur, MJ, Atshaves, BP, Frolov, A, Foxworth, WD, Kier, AB, Schroeder, F 1999. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of long chain fatty acids. Journal of Lipid Research 40, 1371–1383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNamara, JP 1991. Regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in support of lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 706–719.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNamara, JP 1994. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue during lactation: a model of a metabolic control system. The Journal of Nutrition 124, 1383S–1391S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNamara, JP, Hillers, JK 1989. Regulation of bovine adipose tissue metabolism during lactation 5. Relationships of lipid synthesis and lipolysis with energy intake and utilization. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 407–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNamara, JP, Pettigrew, JE, Baldwin, RL, Walker, B, Close, WH, Oltjen, JW 1991. Information needed for mathematical modelling of energy use by animals. In Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals, EAAP Pub. No. 58, pp. 468–472.Google Scholar
McNamara, JP, Harrison, JH, Kincaid, R, Waltner, SS 1995. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of cows fed high fat diets during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 2782–2796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mellenberger, RW, Bauman, DE, Nelson, DR 1973. Metabolic adaptations during lactogenesis. Fatty acid and lactose synthesis in cow mammary tissue. The Biochemical Journal 136, 741–748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miyazaki, M, Flowers, MT, Sampath, H, Chu, K, Otzelberger, C, Liu, X, Ntambi, JM 2007. Hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency protects mice from carbohydrate-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Cell Metabolism 6, 484–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moshage, H 1997. Cytokines and the hepatic acute phase response. The Journal of Pathology 181, 257–266.3.0.CO;2-U>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murondoti, A, Jorritsma, R, Beynen, AC, Wensing, T, Geelen, MJH 2004. Unrestricted feed intake during the dry period impairs the postpartum oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids in the liver of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 672–679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nalepa, G, Rolfe, M, Harper, JW 2006. Drug discovery in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Nature Review of Drug Discovery 5, 596–613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Nye, C, Kim, J, Kalhan, SC, Hanson, RW 2008. Reassessing triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 19, 356–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Odom, DT, Dowell, RD, Jacobsen, ES, Nekludova, L, Rolfe, PA, Danford, TW, Gifford, DK, Fraenkel, E, Bell, GI, Young, RA 2006. Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human hepatocytes. Molecular Systems Biology 2, 2006.0017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Odom, DT, Zizlsperger, N, Gordon, DB, Bell, GW, Rinaldi, NJ, Murray, HL, Volkert, TL, Schreiber, J, Rolfe, PA, Gifford, DK, Fraenkel, E, Bell, GI, Young, RA 2004. Control of pancreas and liver gene expression by HNF transcription factors. Science 303, 1378–1381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ollier, S, Robert-Granié, C, Bernard, L, Chilliard, Y, Leroux, C 2007. Mammary transcriptome analysis of food-deprived lactating goats highlights genes involved in milk secretion and programmed cell death. The Journal of Nutrition 137, 560–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ollier, S, Leroux, C, De la Foye, A, Bernard, L, Rouel, J, Chilliard, Y 2009. Whole intact rapeseeds or sunflower oil in high-forage or high-concentrate diets affects milk yield, milk composition and mammary gene expression profile in goats. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5544–5560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overton, TR, Waldron, MR 2004. Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. Journal of Dairy Science 87, E105–E119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pires, JA, Pescara, JB, Brickner, AE, Silva Del Rio, N, Cunha, AP, Grummer, RR 2008. Effects of abomasal infusion of linseed oil on responses to glucose and insulin in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 1378–1390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Postic, C, Dentin, R, Denechaud, PD, Girard, J 2007. ChREBP, a transcriptional regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. Annual Review of Nutrition 27, 179–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pullen, DL, Liesman, JS, Emery, RS 1990. A species comparison of liver slice synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol from nonesterified fatty acids in media. Journal of Animal Science 68, 1395–1399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabelo, E, Rezende, RL, Bertics, SJ, Grummer, RR 2005. Effects of pre- and postfresh transition diets varying in dietary energy density on metabolic status of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 4375–4383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radcliff, RP, McCormack, BL, Crooker, BA, Lucy, MC 2003. Growth hormone (GH) binding and expression of GH receptor 1A mRNA in hepatic tissue of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3933–3940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reue, K, Zhang, P 2008. The lipin protein family: dual roles in lipid biosynthesis and gene expression. FEBS Letters 582, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK, Aikman, PC, Lupoli, B, Humphries, DJ, Beever, DE 2003. Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1201–1217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK, Dürst, B, Lupoli, B, Humphries, DJ, Beever, DE 2004. Visceral tissue mass and rumen volume in dairy cows during the transition from late gestation to early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 961–971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhoads, RP, Kim, JW, Leury, BJ, Baumgard, LH, Segoale, N, Frank, SJ, Bauman, DE, Boisclair, YR 2004. Insulin increases the abundance of the growth hormone receptor in liver and adipose tissue of periparturient dairy cows. The Journal of Nutrition 134, 1020–1027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodriguez-Zas, SL, Ko, Y, Adams, HA, Southey, BR 2008. Advancing the understanding of the embryo transcriptome co-regulation using meta-, functional, and gene network analysis tools. Reproduction 135, 213–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ron, D, Walter, P 2007. Signal integration in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Nature Review of Molecular and Cell Biology 8, 519–529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, ED, MacDougald, OA 2006. Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out. Nature Review of Molecular and Cell Biology 7, 885–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rudolph, MC, Neville, MC, Anderson, SM 2007. Lipid synthesis in lactation: diet and the fatty acid switch. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 12, 269–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rukkwamsuk, T, Geelen, MJ, Kruip, TA, Wensing, T 2000. Interrelation of fatty acid composition in adipose tissue, serum, and liver of dairy cows during the development of fatty liver postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanderson, LM, Degenhardt, T, Koppen, A, Kalkhoven, E, Desvergne, B, Müller, M, Kersten, S 2009. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) but not PPARalpha serves as a plasma free fatty acid sensor in liver. Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, 6257–6267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, LM, Boekschoten, MV, Desvergne, B, Müller, M, Kersten, S 2010. Transcriptional profiling reveals divergent roles of PPARalpha and PPARbeta/delta in regulation of gene expression in mouse liver. Physiological Genomics 41, 42–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sato, S, Fukasawa, M, Yamakawa, Y, Natsume, T, Suzuki, T, Shoji, I, Aizaki, H, Miyamura, T, Nishijima, M 2006. Proteomic profiling of lipid droplet proteins in hepatoma cell lines expressing hepatitis C virus core protein. Journal of Biochemistry 139, 921–930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savas, U, Machemer, DE, Hsu, MH, Gaynor, P, Lasker, JM, Tukey, RH, Johnson, EF 2009. Opposing roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and growth hormone in the regulation of CYP4A11 expression in a transgenic mouse model. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, 16541–16552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scalia, D, Lacetera, N, Bernabucci, U, Demeyere, K, Duchateau, L, Burvenich, C 2006. In vitro effects of nonesterified fatty acids on bovine neutrophils oxidative burst and viability. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 147–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoolnik, GK 2002. Microarray analysis of bacterial pathogenicity. Advances in Microbial Physiology 46, 1–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schroeder, F, Petrescu, AD, Huang, H, Atshaves, BP, McIntosh, AL, Martin, GG, Hostetler, HA, Vespa, A, Landrock, D, Landrock, KK, Payne, HR, Kier, AB 2008. Role of fatty acid binding proteins and long chain fatty acids in modulating nuclear receptors and gene transcription. Lipids 43, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selberg, KT, Staples, CR, Luchini, ND, Badinga, L 2005. Dietary trans octadecenoic acids upregulate the liver gene encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in transition dairy cows. The Journal of Dairy Research 72, 107–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seo, YS, Kim, JH, Jo, NY, Choi, KM, Baik, SH, Park, JJ, Kim, JS, Byun, KS, Bak, YT, Lee, CH, Kim, A, Yeon, JE 2008. PPAR agonists treatment is effective in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease animal model by modulating fatty-acid metabolic enzymes. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 23, 102–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheena, V, Hertz, R, Nousbeck, J, Berman, I, Magenheim, J, Bar-Tana, J 2005. Transcriptional regulation of human microsomal triglyceride transfer protein by hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha. Journal of Lipid Research 46, 328–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, SB, Crouse, JD 1984. Relative contributions of acetate, lactate and glucose to lipogenesis in bovine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The Journal of Nutrition 114, 792–800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, KL, Butler, WR, Overton, TR 2009. Effects of prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione on metabolism and performance in transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 3623–3633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, KL, Stebulis, SE, Waldron, MR, Overton, TR 2007. Prepartum 2,4-thiazolidinedione alters metabolic dynamics and dry matter intake of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 3660–3670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sordillo, LM, Contreras, GA, Aitken, SL 2009. Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows. Animal Health Research Reviews 10, 53–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staples, CR, Amaral, B, DeVries, A, Thatcher, WW 2007. Lipids and Longevity. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from http://www.extension.org/pages/Lipids_and_LongevityGoogle Scholar
Stefanovic-Racic, M, Perdomo, G, Mantell, BS, Sipula, IJ, Brown, NF, O’Doherty, RM 2008. A moderate increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a activity is sufficient to substantially reduce hepatic triglyceride levels. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 294, E969–E977.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stienstra, R, Mandard, S, Patsouris, D, Maass, C, Kersten, S, Müller, M 2007. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha protects against obesity-induced hepatic inflammation. Endocrinology 148, 2753–2763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sumner, JM, McNamara, JP 2007. Expression of lipolytic genes in the adipose tissue of pregnant and lactating Holstein dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5237–5246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sumner, JM, Schachtschneider, C, McNamara, JP 2008a. Changes in the transcriptome of adipose tissue of the dairy heifer during late pregnancy and lactation as measured by gene array analysis: changes in specific metabolic control genes. Journal of Dairy Science 91 (E-suppl. 1), 280.Google Scholar
Sumner, JM, Schachtschneider, C, McNamara, JP 2008b. Changes in the transcriptome of adipose tissue of the dairy heifer during late pregnancy and lactation as measured by gene array analysis: global changes and cell control. Journal of Dairy Science 91 (E-suppl. 1), 281.Google Scholar
Sumner, JM, Schachtschneider, C, Hutjens, A, Youngquist, A, Duncan, G, Rocco, S, Miller, J, Vierck, JL, McNamara, JP 2009a. Regulation of dairy cattle adipose tissue metabolism by adrenergic control systems and gene transcription mechanisms dictating increased overall efficiency. In Proceedings, International Society of Ruminant Digestion and Physiology (ed. Y Chilliard, F Glasser, Y Faulconnier, F Bocquier, I Veissier and M Doreau), pp. 452–453. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Utrecht, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Sumner, JM, Shachtschneider, C, Hutchins, A, Youngquist, AM, Duncan, G, Rocco, S, Miller, J, Vierck, JL, McNamara, JP, Lowe, A 2009b. Contribution of changes in gene transcription in dairy cattle adipose tissue to control of metabolic pathways dictating increased overall efficiency. Journal of Dairy Science 92 (E-Suppl. 1), 121.Google Scholar
Takeuchi, K, Reue, K 2009. Biochemistry, physiology, and genetics of GPAT, AGPAT, and lipin enzymes in triglyceride synthesis. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, E1195–E1209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thering, BJ 2008. Gene expression in response to lipid supplementation in dairy cattle. MS Thesis, University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Thering, BJ, Bionaz, M, Loor, JJ 2009. Long-chain fatty acid effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-regulated genes in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells: optimization of culture conditions using palmitate. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 2027–2037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trevisi, E, Amadori, M, Bakudila, AM, Bertoni, G 2009. Metabolic changes in dairy cows induced by oral, low-dose interferon-alpha treatment. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3020–3029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van den Top, AM, Geelen, MJ, Wensing, T, Wentink, GH, Van ‘t Klooster, AT, Beynen, AC 1996. Higher postpartum hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations in dairy cows with free rather than restricted access to feed during the dry period are associated with lower activities of hepatic glycerolphosphate acyltransferase. The Journal of Nutrition 126, 76–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Dorland, HA, Richter, S, Morel, I, Doherr, MG, Castro, N, Bruckmaier, RM 2009. Variation in hepatic regulation of metabolism during the dry period and in early lactation in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1924–1940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vernon, RG 2005. Lipid metabolism during lactation: a review of adipose tissue-liver interactions and the development of fatty liver. The Journal of Dairy Research 72, 460–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, E, Frank, MM 2010. Therapeutic potential of complement modulation. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 43–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakabayashi, Y 1998. Tissue-selective expression of enzymes of arginine synthesis. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 1, 335–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, YQ, Puntenney, SB, Burton, JL, Forsberg, NE 2009. Use of gene profiling to evaluate the effects of a feed additive on immune function in periparturient dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 93, 66–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehurst, GB, Beitz, DC, Pothoven, MA, Ellison, WR, Crump, MH 1978. Lactate as a precursor of fatty acids in bovine adipose tissue. The Journal of Nutrition 108, 1806–1811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehurst, GB, Beitz, DC, Cianzio, D, Topel, DG 1981. Fatty acid synthesis from lactate in growing cattle. The Journal of Nutrition 111, 1454–1461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williamson, JR, Kreisberg, RA, Felts, PW 1966. Mechanism for the stimulation of gluconeogenesis by fatty acids in perfused rat liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 56, 247–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolfrum, C, Borrmann, CM, Borchers, T, Spener, F 2001. Fatty acids and hypolipidemic drugs regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha- and gamma-mediated gene expression via liver fatty acid binding protein: a signaling path to the nucleus. Proccedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98, 2323–2328.Google ScholarPubMed
Xu, H, Wilcox, D, Nguyen, P, Voorbach, M, Smith, H, Brodjian, S, Suhar, T, Reilly, RM, Jacobson, PB, Collins, CA, Landschulz, K, Surowy, TK 2007. Hepatic knockdown of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 via RNA interference in obese mice decreases lipid content and changes fatty acid composition. Frontiers in Bioscience 12, 3781–3794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamauchi, T, Kamon, J, Ito, Y, Tsuchida, A, Yokomizo, T, Kita, S, Sugiyama, T, Miyagishi, M, Hara, K, Tsunoda, M, Murakami, K, Ohteki, T, Uchida, S, Takekawa, S, Waki, H, Tsuno, NH, Shibata, Y, Terauchi, Y, Froguel, P, Tobe, K, Koyasu, S, Taira, K, Kitamura, T, Shimizu, T, Nagai, R, Kadowaki, T 2003. Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature 423, 762–769.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamauchi, T, Nio, Y, Maki, T, Kobayashi, M, Takazawa, T, Iwabu, M, Okada-Iwabu, M, Kawamoto, S, Kubota, N, Kubota, T, Ito, Y, Kamon, J, Tsuchida, A, Kumagai, K, Kozono, H, Hada, Y, Ogata, H, Tokuyama, K, Tsunoda, M, Ide, T, Murakami, K, Awazawa, M, Takamoto, I, Froguel, P, Hara, K, Tobe, K, Nagai, R, Ueki, K, Kadowaki, T 2007. Targeted disruption of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 causes abrogation of adiponectin binding and metabolic actions. Nature Medicine 13, 332–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yan, J, Gong, Y, She, YM, Wang, G, Roberts, MS, Burczynski, FJ 2009. Molecular mechanism of recombinant liver fatty acid binding protein’s antioxidant activity. Journal of Lipid Research 50, 2445–2454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, J, Reshef, L, Cassuto, H, Aleman, G, Hanson, RW 2009. II. Aspects of the control of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, 27031–27035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, FQ, Keating, AF 2007. Expression and regulation of glucose transporters in the bovine mammary gland. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (suppl. 1), E76–E86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed