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GREEK AND ROMAN KNOSSOS: THE PIONEERING INVESTIGATIONS OF MINOS KALOKAIRINOS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2016

Antonis Kotsonas
Antonis Kotsonas*
Affiliation:
University of Cincinnati
*
kotsonas@ucmail.uc.edu
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Abstract

Minos Kalokairinos is renowned for his discovery of the Minoan palace of Knossos. However, his pioneering investigations of the topography and monuments of Greek and Roman Knossos, as laid out especially in his Cretan Archaeological Journal, have largely been overlooked. In the Journal, Kalokairinos offers invaluable information on the changing archaeological landscape of Knossos in the second half of the nineteenth century. This enables the identification of several unknown or lost monuments, including major structures, inscriptions and sculptures, and allows the location of the context of discovery to be assigned to specific parts of the ancient city. Additionally, the Journal offers glimpses into the collection of Knossian antiquities and their export beyond the island. Antiquities from the site ended up in Athens, and as far afield as Egypt and western Europe, and have hitherto been considered as unprovenanced. They are here identified as Knossian and are traced to their specific context of discovery, with considerable implications for our understanding of the topography, the monuments and the epigraphic record of the ancient city.

Ελληνική και Ρωμαϊκή Κνωσός: Οι πρωτοπόρες έρευνες του Μίνωα Καλοκαιρινού

Ο Μίνως Καλοκαιρινός είναι γνωστός για την ανακάλυψη του μινωικού ανακτόρου της Κνωσού. Μάλλον άγνωστη παραμένει όμως η πρωτοπόρα συμβολή του στη μελέτη της μνημειακής τοπογραφίας της ελληνορωμαϊκής Κνωσού, όπως αποτυπώνεται κυρίως στο έργο του Κρητικὴ Ἀρχαιολογικὴ Ἐφημερίς. Στην Ἐφημερίδα, ο Καλοκαιρινός προσφέρει πολύτιμες πληροφορίες για τις μεταβολές του αρχαιολογικού τοπίου της Κνωσού στο δεύτερο ήμισυ του δέκατου ένατου αιώνα. Αυτές οι πληροφορίες επιτρέπουν την αναγνώριση άγνωστων ή χαμένων μνημείων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων αρχιτεκτονημάτων, επιγραφών και γλυπτών, και βοηθούν στον προσδιορισμό της προέλευσής τους από συγκεκριμένα σημεία της αρχαίας πόλης. Επιπλέον, η Ἐφημερίς καταγράφει μαρτυρίες για τους συλλέκτες και τη συλλογή κνωσιακών αρχαιοτήτων, καθώς και για την εξαγωγή ευρημάτων εκτός του νησιού. Αρχαιότητες που εξήχθησαν στην Αθήνα, και από την Αίγυπτο ως τη δυτική Ευρώπη, και καταγράφονται στη βιβλιογραφία ως άγνωστης προέλευσης, αναγνωρίζονται εδώ ως κνωσιακές και επιστρέφουν νοητά στο συγκεκριμένο σημείο όπου ανακαλύφθηκαν, προσφέροντας σημαντικές μαρτυρίες για τη μελέτη της τοπογραφίας, των μνημείων και των επιγραφών της Κνωσού.

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 111 , November 2016 , pp. 299 - 324
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Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2016 

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