¹ The author wishes to express his gratitude to the Greek Authorities for permission to study the objects in Heraklion Museum, and to Dr. Alexiou for providing facilities for this work. He has also to thank the Directors and Keepers of the following museums for similar permission and facilities to study other Minoan objects or analogous material: Pigorini Museum, Rome; National Museum, Nicosia; National Museum, Beirut; Palestine Archaeological Museum, Jordan; British Museum; Ashmolean Museum; Petrie Collection, University of London; Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery; Free Museum of Science and Art, University of Pennsylvania. I have also to thank the Managing Committee of the British School at Athens for permission to study the note-books of Bosanquet, and for much help during my residence in Crete. For much helpful information and discussion I am grateful to Dr. P. Warren, Dr. T. Watkins, Mr. M. S. F. Hood, Mr. R. W. Hutchinson, Mr. J. N. Coldstream, and many others.All measurements, throughout, are given in centimetres.

² Two at Kanli Kastelli, see KrChron 1951, 287; Pyrgos, : AD 1918, 165Google Scholar; Siva, : Ausonia viii, Suppl. 13.Google Scholar

³ Goldman, H., AJA xli, fig. 21.Google Scholar

⁴ Schmidt, E., The Ališar Hüyük (OIP XIX) fig. 270, b, 3.Google Scholar

⁵ Ausonia viii, Suppl. 13, no. 12.

⁶ In the Cyprus Museum (Lapithos 320. 52).

⁷ Byblos 1, pl. clxxxix, 6776 and 6773.

⁸ DMC, fig. 190 g.

⁹ e.g. MonAnt xix, fig. 15 (Palmavera) and TW, pl. xxxv, 72 (Barzano).

¹⁰ Unpublished, HM 2163.

¹¹ L. Siret, Premiers âges du métal en Espagne, fig. 20.

¹² BSA Suppl. i, 196, pl. xxivg.

¹³ CPI i, pl. 3, 10 and 11.

¹⁴ AD 1918, 165, fig. 15.

¹⁵ CPI i, pl. 1, 7 (from Mercurago).

¹⁶ Serra y Vilaro, J., El vas campaniforme a Catalunya i les coves sepulcrals eneolitiques (Solsona, 1923) 55, fig. 76.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Ward-Perkins, J. B., Antiquity xvi, fig. 3.Google Scholar

¹⁸ AD 1918, 165, fig. 15, 2038, 2039, 2043 (all from Pyrgos).

¹⁹ Platanos: (Unpublished) HM 1933, 1854. Lebena: ILN 6 Aug. 1960, fig. 13, 2 and 3.

²⁰ Platanos 1854 and Mochlos 1549.

²¹ ILN 6 Aug. 1960, fig. 13, 2 and 3.

²² Type I average length: 10·5 cm.; Type II average length: 14·7 cm.

²³ Byblos II, pl. lxii, 9167.

²⁴ Petrie, W., Beth-Pelet (London 1930), pl. xliii, 1021.Google Scholar

²⁵ Information and permission to use it kindly offered by H. Catling Esq.

²⁶ Unpublished, HM 1195.

²⁷ Pernier, L., MonAnt xiv, fig. 70.Google Scholar

²⁸ AD 1918, 20, fig. 6.

²⁹ Ibid. 165, fig. 15.

³⁰ Blegen, C., Zygouries, pl. xx, 25.Google Scholar

³¹ Sotiriadis, G., RÉG 1912, 270, fig. 15.Google Scholar

³² DMC, fig. 174.

³³ Munro, R., Palaeolithic Man and Terremara Settlements in Europe (London, 1914), pl. xlvi, 3.Google Scholar

³⁴ MonAnt xl, pl. xv, 8.

³⁵ Bovio-Marconi, I., BPI N.S. ii. 44 ff., fig. 1 c.Google Scholar

³⁶ e.g. Pantalica, , see MonAnt xxi, pl. v.Google Scholar

³⁷ Unpublished, HM 1933.

³⁸ Siret, op. cit., fig. 16

³⁹ VTM, pl. xxiv b, 1188 and Platanos 1933 (unpublished).

⁴⁰ Guy, P., Megiddo Tombs, pl. 118, 9 and pl. 122, 8.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Garstang, J., AAA xix, pl. xxxvii, 2.Google Scholar

⁴² Byblos II, pl. lvi, 8372.

⁴³ VTM 73, nos. 1489 and 1490.

⁴⁴ Mochlos 61, fig. 45, xi, 22. HM 1550.

⁴⁵ Platanos 1855, 1872 (both VTM, p. 107) 1903, 1884 (both unpublished), Mochlos 1550 (Mochlos 61, fig. 45, xi, 22).

⁴⁶ AD 1929, 119, fig. 13, 31 and 30.

⁴⁷ VTM, pl. xxiv b, 1187 and 1181.

⁴⁸ Platanos 1870 (VTM 107, pl. lv) and 1861, 1880 (both unpublished).

⁴⁹ Supra, p. 212.

⁵⁰ Ashmolean Museum, 1927–1359.

⁵¹ Byblos I, pl. clxxxix, 6773.

⁵² AD 1929, 119, fig. 13, 30 and 31.

⁵³ Byblos I, pl. clxxxix, 6776.

⁵⁴ Byblos II, pl. lxviii, 9663, 9662; pl. lxxi, 10119; pl. lxiv, 9535.

⁵⁵ Mochlos 61, fig. 45, xi, 22 (HM. 1550); VTM 107 (HM 1855, 1872).

⁵⁶ e.g. Keller, F., Lake Dwellings, pl. cxviii, 6 and 8Google Scholar.

⁵⁷ Ashmolean Museum, Æ 230.

⁵⁸ CPI, figs. 457, 458.

⁵⁹ VTM 107, pl. lv, 1870.

⁶⁰ VTM 46, pl. xxix b.

⁶¹ AD 1918, 20, fig. 6.

⁶² R. Munro, op. cit. pl. lix, 2; CPI i, pl. cxiv.

⁶³ VTM 73, HM 1490.

⁶⁴ CPI i, pl. iii, 8.

⁶⁵ The l./m.w. ratio of the Italian examples averages 3·8; the average ratio for Minoan blades of this type is 4·1.

⁶⁶ CPI i, pl. xxii, 9.

⁶⁷ e.g. SCE i, pl. xxx, 43.

⁶⁸ e.g. HM 1931 (unpublished) from Platanos.

⁶⁹ SCE i. 97, pl. xxiv, 4 and 148, pl. xxxv, 3.

⁷⁰ Three of those from Platanos are unpublished; HM 1876, 1901, 1931.

⁷¹ Alexiou, S., ILN 6 Aug. 1960.Google Scholar

⁷² MonAnt xiv, pl. xliv, 6.

⁷³ Both are unpublished, from Platanos, HM 1888, 1891.

⁷⁴ Unpublished, from Platanos, HM 1935.

⁷⁵ BSA x. 196 ff.; BSA Suppl. i, pl. xxiv e and ƒ

⁷⁶ The ossuary at Ta Ellenika.

⁷⁷ VTM 26, pl. xxiv b.

⁷⁸ W. Petrie, op. cit. pl. xliii, 33.

⁷⁹ Ibid. 1021; also Guy, P., Megiddo ii, pl. 178.Google Scholar

⁸⁰ e.g. Ashmolean Museum Æ 239, Æ 229 (both unpublished).

⁸¹ e.g. Ashmolean Museum, 1927–1360 (unpublished).

⁸² Brea, L. B., Poliochni, Città Preistorica nell' Isola di Lemnos, pl. clxxi d.Google Scholar

⁸³ On the present writer's interpretation of the relative chronology of Poliochni.

⁸⁴ Tsountas, C., AE 1899, pl. 10.Google Scholar

⁸⁵ CPI i, pl. cxiv, 11.

⁸⁶ Dumitrescu, H., BPI xvii, fig. 6, 4.Google Scholar

⁸⁷ ILN 6 Aug. 1960, fig. 13.

⁸⁸ CPI i, pl. xxii, 18; pl. ix, 20.

⁸⁹ VTM 26, pl. xxiv b, 1196; ILN 6 Aug. 1960, fig. 13.

⁹⁰ AD 1918, 165, fig. 15, 2042.

⁹¹ Ashmolean Museum, Æ 240 (unpublished).

⁹² Valmin, N., Das Adriatische Gebiet in Vor- und Frühbronzezeit (1939) fig. 49, 17.Google Scholar

⁹³ VTM 73 (HM 1489 and 1490).

⁹⁴ Ausonia viii, Suppl. 13, no. 46.

⁹⁵ AD 1918, fig. 15.

⁹⁶ AD 1961–2, pl. 77.

⁹⁷ VTM, pl. xxix b, 1161; HM 1212 (unpublished).

⁹⁸ See Sandars, N., ‘The First Aegean Swords and Their Ancestors’, AJA lxv (1961), 22–23.Google Scholar

⁹⁹ Maxwell-Hyslop, R., Iraq vii. 18–19.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁰ e.g. Woolley, L., Ur Excavations ii, pl. 228Google Scholar, U. 1840.

¹⁰¹ VTM 47, pl. xxix b, 212 and 213.

¹⁰² Pendlebury, J., BSA xxxvi. 168, no. 11 (from Trapeza)Google Scholar; unpublished, HM 2248 (from Tekes).

¹⁰³ Seager, R., TFMSA i, part iii. 207 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁴ VTM 26, HM 1191 (pl. xxiv b; ‘1191’ is in fact 1181).

¹⁰⁵ C. Schaeffer, Stratigraphie comparée et chronologie de l'Asie Occidentale, fig. 147, 3.

¹⁰⁶ HM 734 (unpublished).

¹⁰⁷ N. Sandars, op. cit. pl. xvi, 5.

¹⁰⁸ R. Maxwell-Hyslop, op. cit. 18 ff.

¹⁰⁹ e.g. Cave, Psychro, PM iv 845, fig. 826.Google Scholar

¹¹⁰ Bittel, K., Zeitschrift für Assyriologie xii. 189Google Scholar, pl. iv, fig. 6, S. 3414.

¹¹¹ K. Kenyon, London Univ. Inst. Arch., Annual Report ii (1955) 10–18.

¹¹² Byblos II, fig. 317, 9483.

¹¹³ Stronach, D., AnatSt vii. 98.Google Scholar

¹¹⁴ Especially that in CPI i, pl. 129 (from Central Italy).

¹¹⁵ Above nn. 112, 113.

¹¹⁶ e.g. CPI i, pl. 36, 9 and 10.

¹¹⁷ Byblos II, pl. lxxviii, 10831.

¹¹⁸ Compare Byblos II, pl. lxii, 9164 with CPI i, pl. 128, 11.

¹¹⁹ e.g. Byblos II, pl. lxxviii, 10831.

¹²⁰ e.g. Byblos II. 317, no. 9483.

¹²¹ Some of the Byblos daggers, however, have a single rivet, a feature adopted for use by the makers of the ‘Hyksos’ ribbed and tanged daggers.

¹²² e.g. CPI i, pl. 128, 11.

¹²³ Ibid., pl. 36, 9.

¹²⁴ Ibid., pl. 36, 10.

¹²⁵ The Byblite and Italian averages are from a random selection of about a dozen examples in each case.

¹²⁶ The Mallia swords. They must surely be dated to the destruction of the first palace.

¹²⁷ But a drawing appears in Åberg's, Bronzezeitliche und früheisenzeitliche Chronologie iv (1933) fig. 494Google Scholar, and a photograph in Zervos, , L'Art de la Crète (1956) pl. 192Google Scholar. Neither representation does the piece justice.

¹²⁸ These can just be distinguished in Zervos, op. cit. pl. 192, whilst Åberg, op. cit. fig. 494 gives an inaccurate rendering of the form of the scrolls.

¹²⁹ Montelius, O., La Grèce préclassique (1928) pl. 9, 1.Google Scholar

¹³⁰ Although the dagger HM 1934 (VTM, pl. lv) found in storeroom Delta of Tholos Å at Platanos is certainly of M.M. III date.

¹³¹ Above, 216.

¹³² VTM 107, pl. lv, 1857, 1885. HM 1889 is unpublished.

¹³³ Mochlos 65, fig. 45, xiii m.

¹³⁴ Tsountas, C., AE 1898, pl. xii.Google Scholar

¹³⁵ BSA lv. 110, pl. xxv, 2, 3.

¹³⁶ Mochlos 37, fig. 31, II, 51.

¹³⁷ Archaeologia lxxxviii. 137 ff., pl. 42 b, 60.

¹³⁸ Stewart, E. and Stewart, J., Vounous 1937–38 (1950), 330, pl. 105.Google Scholar

¹³⁹ HM 797.

¹⁴⁰ e.g. Boyd-Hawes, H., Gournia, pl. iv.Google Scholar

¹⁴¹ e.g. Byblos II, pl. lviii, 8343 and pl. lxvi, 9618.

¹⁴² TW, pl. xxxiv, 37–43.

¹⁴³ VTM, pl. xxiv b, 1175.

¹⁴⁴ Mochlos 37, fig. 31.

¹⁴⁵ VTM 46, pl. xxix b, 1166 and HM 1184 (unpublished).

¹⁴⁶ HM 2059 (unpublished).

¹⁴⁷ D. Stronach, op. cit. 89 ff.

¹⁴⁸ H. Goldman, op. cit. fig. 21.

¹⁴⁹ E. Schmidt, op. cit. fig. 270 b, 3.

¹⁵⁰ D. Stronach, op. cit. 101.

¹⁵¹ Mellaart, J., Anatolia before 4000 B.C. and 2300–1750 B.C. (CAH ², fasc. 20) 38.Google Scholar

¹⁵² Schaeffer, C., Ugaritica ii, fig. 18, RS. 4527, 4508, 4501.Google Scholar

¹⁵³ Byblos II, pl. lviii, 8343.

¹⁵⁴ C. Schaeffer, Stratigraphie comparée, fig. 143 (from Megiddo).

¹⁵⁵ Blinkenberg, M., Mem. de la Soc. Roy. des Antiquaires du Nord 1896, fig. 11.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁶ Ashmolean Museum, no. 1893–63, Æ 235.

¹⁵⁷ e.g. Ashmolean Museum, 1893–60, Æ 232.

¹⁵⁸ VTM, pl. lv, 1862.

¹⁵⁹ Ann. xiii–xiv. 192, HM 1294.

¹⁶⁰ e.g. TW, pl. xxxiii, 4 (Dashur) and pl. xxxiv, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47.

¹⁶¹ e.g. three rivets, lines along the length of the blade, and the return to a simple, flat blade section (see Types XIII–XIV).

¹⁶² VTM, pl. lv, 1843, 1852, 1927.

¹⁶³ Mochlos 73, pl. 44, xix, 26.

¹⁶⁴ Ibid. 27.

¹⁶⁵ Bosanquet's notebooks, 1902, 43, now stored at the Taverna, Knossos.

¹⁶⁶ Mochlos 78, fig. 44, xxi, 22.

¹⁶⁷ Palaikastro HM 318 (length 15·2) and Mochlos, HM 1558 (length 14·8).

¹⁶⁸ Mochlos 78, xxi, 21 and 21, i, k.

¹⁶⁹ VTM 106, pl. lv, 1842, 1849, 1850.

¹⁷⁰ Ausonia viii, Suppl. 13, nos. 11 and 12.

¹⁷¹ VTM 106.

¹⁷² Ibid. pl. lv, 1846.

¹⁷³ Mochlos 34, fig. 12, ii, 45.

¹⁷⁴ VTM 106, pl. lv, 1845, 1847, 1848, 1928.

¹⁷⁵ Ann xiii–xiv. 192, HM 1285.

¹⁷⁶ Mochlos 34, fig. 12, ii, 44.

¹⁷⁷ See Mochlos 73, fig. 44, xix, 27; 78, fig. 44, xxi, 22; BSA Suppl. i, pl. xxiva (the last from Palaikastro).

¹⁷⁸ VTM 108, pl. lvi, 1939.

¹⁷⁹ Ann xiii–xiv. 193, fig. 61 (HM 1287).

¹⁸⁰ Ann xiii–xiv. 193, HM 1282, 1283.

¹⁸¹ HM 1281 (Aghia Triadha) and HM 1433 (Porti).

¹⁸² Triangular daggers with straight sides are widely distributed however.

¹⁸³ University College London, Collection UC. 3476.

¹⁸⁴ University College London, Collection UC. 4826.

¹⁸⁵ Dated to the end of the Predynastic Period (c. 3100–3000 B.C.), it is perhaps within two centuries of being a contemporary of E.M. I.

¹⁸⁶ TW, pl. xxxiii, 2.

¹⁸⁷ Byblos II, pl. lviii, 8343.

¹⁸⁸ W. Petrie, op. cit. nos. 556 and 559.

¹⁸⁹ Schaeffer, C., Ugaritica iiGoogle Scholar, fig. 25, 444, 445, 446, 5014. The longest, 5014, is 7·4 cm.

¹⁹⁰ See Branigan, K., AJA lxx, 123–6Google Scholar, and AJA lxxi (forthcoming), ‘Further Light on Prehistoric Relations between Crete and Byblos’.

¹⁹¹ Bracco, E., BPI N.S. ii. 62, no. 7.Google Scholar

¹⁹² CPI i, pl. 128, 8.

¹⁹³ Mochlos 73, fig. 44, xix, 27.

¹⁹⁴ Above 221.

¹⁹⁵ Colini, G., BPI series 3. iv, pl. vi, 1.Google Scholar

¹⁹⁶ G. Colini, op. cit. pl. v, 3.

¹⁹⁷ Acanfora, M., BPI lxviii, fig. 82Google Scholar.

¹⁹⁸ G. Colini, op. cit. pl. v, 4.

¹⁹⁹ Ashmolean Museum 1927–5920.

²⁰⁰ L. Siret, op. cit. 39.

²⁰¹ J. Serra y Vilaro, op. cit. 55, fig. 76.

²⁰² Childe, V., Dawn of European Civilisation, fig. 129, 3.Google Scholar

²⁰³ Pidal, R. (ed.), Historia de España (Madrid, 1963), i, fig. 444.Google Scholar

²⁰⁴ G. Colini, op. cit. ii and iv.

²⁰⁵ Caskey, J., Greece, Crete and the Aegean Islands in the Early Bronze Age, CAH ² fasc. 24, 33Google Scholar, and VTM 26.

²⁰⁶ Pendlebury, J., The Archaeology of Crete 70.Google Scholar