No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Early Egyptian Influence in the Mediterranean
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 October 2013
Extract
The question of the influence of the Eastern Mediterranean on the Central and Western is not a new one, and an apology is perhaps needed for re-opening it. If so it must be taken to lie in the fact that the last five years have thrown a new light on the Eastern Mediterranean. It was easy to say that what seemed strange or new in Crete or Italy must be due to ‘Oriental influence’ so long as this alluring phrase remained without content. Now, however, when we are beginning to catch glimpses of what was really happening in nearer Asia in remote days, we are almost daily finding that something of that which was so readily labelled ‘oriental’ is not oriental at all.
It is, then, a time for reconsidering this question, and no doubt it will be discussed in all its bearings at the coming Archaeological Congress in Rome, where the following problem is to be dealt with: ‘In what consists the evidence of the influence of the pre-Hellenic East on the countries of the Western Mediterranean?’ Here I shall confine myself mainly to a single aspect of the question. It is an aspect which has lately been brought into prominence by Professor Elliot Smith's book on the Ancient Egyptians. This book is of course mainly concerned with Egypt and the Egyptians, but its last chapter is an attempt to reconcile the craniological evidence available for Egypt and the Mediterranean with the archaeological.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1911
References
page 250 note 1 Smith, G. Elliot, The Ancient Egyptians and their Influence upon the Civilization of Europe (Harper and Brothers, London, 1911).Google Scholar
page 251 note 1 The Op. cit. p. 18.
page 251 note 2 op. cit. p. 161.
page 251 note 3 op. cit. p. 162
page 253 note 1 See especially Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, 1909, pp. 135 ff.
page 253 note 2 Petrie, , Abydos II. p. 38Google Scholar, Pl. XLII. Figs. 20–36; B.S.A. x. p. 23.
page 254 note 1 Seager, , Explorations in Mochlos, pp. 99–104Google Scholar, Pl. I.–VII. and IX.
page 255 note 1 Op. cit. Pl. I. M. 3, resembles to some extent the so-called Pepi jars, while others recall Egyptian vases of much earlier date.
page 255 note 2 B.S.A. viii. pp. 121–123.
page 255 note 3 Scribta Minoa, pp. 121–125.
page 225 note 4 Op. cit. pp. 125–129 and Fig. 65.
page 256 note 1 The evidence of the early cults, which has been so well worked out by Professor Newberry in Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. i., certainly seems to point to the racial affinity of the early Cretans and the Proto-Egyptians, though not necessarily to the existence at that remote period of commercial relations. Both Newberry and Hall—who curiously misunderstands Newberry on this point—are perhaps overbold in speaking of a Nilotic colonization of Crete. (See Hall, op. cit. p. 144.)
page 256 note 2 See Memnon, ii. 1908, pp. 180 ff. B.S.A. xiv. pp. 345 ff.
page 257 note 1 Mon. Ant. Lincei, ix. 452 ff.
page 257 note 2 B.S.R. v. pp. 133–5, Fig. 17.
page 257 note 3 Cf. the two dolmens discovered by Professor N. Tagliaferio, one near Musta and the other near Krendi.
page 257 note 4 Cf. the dolmen tombs of Su Coveccu and s'Enna sa Vacca, , B.S.R. v. pp. 106 and 129Google Scholar, Figs. 6 and 15.
page 258 note 1 Cartailhac, , Monuments primitifs des Baléares, p. 47.Google Scholar
page 258 note 2 Déchelette, Manuel d'archéologie préhistorique cellique et gallo-romaine, Fig. 145.
page 258 note 3 B.S.R. v. pp. 123 ff. Fig. 13.
page 259 note 1 Memnon, ii. p. 204, Fig. 22.
page 259 note 2 Mayr, Die vorgeschichtlichen Denkmäler von Malta, Plan II.
page 259 note 3 Memnon, ii. pp. 208–9, Figs. 26 and 27. Compare these with the Sardinian example B.S.R. v. p. 116, Fig. 9.
page 259 note 4 Borlase, , Dolmens of Ireland, i. p. 303Google Scholar, Fig. 278.
page 259 note 5 Op. cit. i. p. 291, Fig. 269.
page 259 note 6 Op. cit. ii. p. 460.
page 260 note 1 Wilson, and Felkin, , Uganda and the Egyptian Sudan, ii. p. 123.Google Scholar
page 261 note 1 De Morgan, , Recherches sur l'origine de l'Égypte, 1896, p. 239, Fig. 598.Google Scholar
page 261 note 2 Op. cit. pp. 180–1.
page 263 note 1 Of the enormous mass of literature on the subject we may quote: Bonstetten, , Essai sur les Dolmens, Geneva, 1865Google Scholar; Bertrand, , Archéologie celtique et gauloise, 2nd edit. 1889Google Scholar; Reinach, S., ‘Le Mirage oriental’ in L'Anthropologie, 1893, pp. 557 ff.Google Scholar; Montelius, Orient and Europa.