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Echelos' Hippodrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

Extract

Because Echelos carries off a bride Iasile in a four-horse chariot, on a relief found at a shrine near Phaleron, most writers have thought that this relief fixes the site of the Panathenaic Hippodrome. In fact it does the exact opposite. This bride is not coming home, she is going away: Echelos lives somewhere else, Phaleron is not his territory. It belongs to the family of an otherwise unknown nymph Iasile, and a host of gods and goddesses engaged in child-care, but not to Echelos. He is a stranger making a treaty and successfully buying favours. Note that the chariot proceeds steadily uphill, so away from the sea; Hermes is guiding it, so the gods approve. He has his foot on a small hill: we shall consider later where that may be. It is a gay relief with a reminiscence of the Parthenon horses. On the other side a lady, Artemis(?), receives a bearded man, a river-god and three nymphs—the wedding reception, solemnizing the treaty.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1972

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References

1 Athens NM no. 1783: Svoronos, pl. 28. Does Hades come from Enna or the Roman youth from Sabina? Why alter Ἔχελος into Ἔχε-λᾶος He had to do with horses, not with people.

2 Two reliefs and an inscription were found in the same locality:

Deities listed in (b) implied in (c): Hestia, Kephissos, Pythian Apollo, Leto, Artemis Loxia, Eileithyia, Acheloös, Kallirhoe, Nymphs of birth at Geraistos.

Professor Andrewes kindly examined relief 4546 with me. He considers the Corpus reading of Ἀλεξο uncertain, so we need not burden ourselves with a second dedicator.

3 Meritt, , Hesperia xi. 282Google Scholar: the Orgeones' Inscription.

4 NM no. 2756: the Apollo relief: Svoronos, NM pls. clxxxi, clxxxii. The illustrations are poor. See Walter, O., AE 1937, 96Google Scholar.

5 Cf. , Eur., Troades 860Google Scholar.

6 Hadzisteliou-Price (BSA lxiv. 95 ff.Google Scholar). I am indebted to Mrs. Hadzisteliou for reminding me of this inscription. We agree that children always mean something.

7 I think I see a woman's breast. Xeniades pulls his mother's cloak, not his attendant's, on whom he turns his back. Ann. xi–xiii. 117 ff.Google Scholar

8 AM lxxxii. 149 ff.Google Scholar He thinks that the figure all the rest of us judge to be mortal, and I female, is the Kephissos River.

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12 Hesperia xi. 141Google Scholar; figs. 4–6.

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15 Soph., O.C. 1070Google Scholar. Note also Thucydides' reference (Thuc. viii. 67. 2).

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17 I am delighted to see that Mme. Karousou arrived at the conclusion that there were Protopanathenaic vases, on other evidence. See AJA xlii. 498 ff.Google Scholar I see both these activities are now denied to Peisistratos.

18 IG ii 2. 1358Google Scholar.

19 Simon, E. (AJA lxvii. 43 ff.)Google Scholar has a fascinating article on Kolonos. I am sorry not to be able to accept the fine horse (p. 53 n. 48) on a plaque as coming from this district. S. Karouzou, NM no. 4464, says that it was found south of the Larissa Station, so near the Sacred Way.

20 Once connect Kolonos with the Panathenaia and Sophokles' lines gain a new poignancy: Ἄρης (1065). This is not just any military draft. This is the Kolonos contingent riding at the Anthippasia (1067). Even the chorus praising the olive has a local significance, spoken so near the most famous olives at the Academy, where the victors' crowns were cut (Scholiast on 601), and where the oil for the prizes was produced.

21 AE 1922/3, 80 fig. 2. See also Robert, C., Oidipous (1915) 26Google Scholar for photos of the district.

22 Athena als Herrin der Pferde 54. His dating is obsolete.

23 See Seltman, Athens, its History and Coinage pl. 1a.

24 Enough is known of Greek literature at this period for us to be sure that they are chariot wheels and not Eastern sun symbols, pace Seltman, op. cit. 34.

25 ABV 16.

26 It is evident from inscriptions that the prize decreed by the state was the oil. The container was not provided by the state. See Gardiner, E. N., Greek Athletic Sports and Festivals 234–5Google Scholar.

27 Apollo was called Hekatombaios generally because of his Hekatomb in the first Iliad, but at Athens it must have been Athena who received the big sacrifice.

28 See p. 14 above. Pausanias (i. 30) has the altar to Athena Hippia and Poseidon Hippios, and he starts off with Kolonos Hippios for the hill.

29 See AJA 1933, 491Google Scholar pls. 54–5.

30 AJA xli (1937) 140Google Scholar fig. 7. The head is terribly worn: perhaps 560 B.C.

31 Hipparch. 3.

32 Paus. i. 30. Cf. Diog. Laert. iii. 7: Plato lived in the Academy, which is a gymnasion.

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38 The stand is by the Vulture Painter: Cook, BSA xlii. 142Google Scholar fig. 3. Their plumage is sometimes variegated. Is that an attempt to represent the red on their wings, Aristophanes' φοινικόπτερος? See below.

39 Audiat, , RÉG lvi. 1Google Scholar pl. 1.

40 Stackelberg, Gräber der Hellenen pl. ix.

41 Birds 267.

42 BSA xxxv pl. 48; Kübler, Altattische Malerei 39Google Scholar no. 10. I cannot be sure that a flamingo would never look at a bush.

43 Akropolis no. 345 pl. 12.

44 Hampe, , Ein frühattischer Grabfund 50Google Scholar.

45 CVA Berlin i pl. 7, A 16: Attic Geometric fabric.

46 Ventris & Chadwick, Documents in Mycenaean Greek nos. 54, 55, 153, 171, and another.

47 Il. ii. 60Google Scholar. Nestor's son Antilochos drove a chariot in the race painted by Sophilos and described by Homer. Nestor was ἱππότα Νέστωρ.

48 Courbin, La Céramique géométrique de l'Argolide pl. 29, C 14.

49 Birds 1354 ff.

50 e.g. C 645, Courbin pl. 36. There are many examples.

51 CVA Berlin i pl. 45, 1.

52 AH ii pl. 56, 20; BCH lxxvii pl. 29, from the Aspis.

53 Greek Pins fig. 260. Copenhagen no. 5381, style Boiotian or Cycladic.

54 CVA Berlin i pl. 7, 2, no. A 19.

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58 Naples (2458) 81159; JHS xix. 227Google Scholar figs. 7–8; CVA i pl. 46.

59 ABL 250 no. 33.

60 Oakeshott, JHS lix. 250Google Scholar no. 33: ABL 143.

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62 Ferguson, , Hesperia vii. 5Google Scholar, line 91; and p. 25.

63 FGH Jacoby, Pherekydes fr. 3.

64 I am aware that epigraphists may still find the evidence about the Deme of the Echelidai in the south decisive. If so, I still think my evidence for its position in the fifth century sound, though it may have migrated in later years.