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GOING TO SEE THE NYMPHS: LANDSCAPE AND RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE AT THE ZAR TRYPA CAVE (MOUNT OSSA, THESSALY)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 June 2023
Abstract
This paper focuses on the little-known but important cave-sanctuary of Zar Trypa on Mount Ossa (modern Kissavos) in north-eastern Thessaly. In 1910, research conducted at the site uncovered remains of votives from the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods, including a group of eight inscriptions dedicated to the Nymphs. Despite this remarkable epigraphic assemblage, the site was not investigated beyond a single excavation season and today is largely unknown. Consequently, the Zar Trypa cave and its finds have never featured prominently in the discussion of Thessalian religion or of Greek ‘natural’ sanctuaries. Combining archival studies, on-site observations and GIS-based methods of landscape archaeology, this paper sets out to re-assess the surviving archaeological evidence from the Zar Trypa cave, to examine the spatial setting of ritual activity at the site, and to place the cave in the context of Mount Ossa's natural environment and ancient settlement pattern. Drawing on the methodological framework of ‘lived religion’, this assessment not only contributes towards our understanding of ancient religious experiences at the Zar Trypa cave, but also addresses broader questions such as the significance and meaning of ‘sacred travel’ in pre-Christian antiquity.
Η παρούσα εργασία επικεντρώνεται στο ελάχιστα γνωστό αλλά σημαντικό σπήλαιο-ιερό Ζαρ Τρύπα στο όρος Όσσα (σημερινός Κίσσαβος) στη βορειοανατολική Θεσσαλία. Το 1910, η έρευνα που διεξήχθη στο χώρο αποκάλυψε κατάλοιπα αναθημάτων από την κλασική, ελληνιστική και ρωμαϊκή περίοδο, συμπεριλαμβανομένης μιας ομάδας οκτώ επιγραφών αφιερωμένων στις Νύμφες. Παρά αυτό το αξιοσημείωτο επιγραφικό σύνολο, η θέση δεν ερευνήθηκε πέραν της μίας ανασκαφικής περιόδου, και σήμερα είναι σε μεγάλο βαθμό άγνωστος. Κατά συνέπεια, το σπήλαιο Ζαρ Τρύπα και τα ευρήματά του δεν έχουν ποτέ αναδειχθεί στη συζήτηση για τη θεσσαλική θρησκεία ή για τα ελληνικά ιερά σε φυσικό περιβάλλον (nature sanctuaries). Συνδυάζοντας αρχειακές μελέτες, επιτόπιες παρατηρήσεις και μεθόδους αρχαιολογίας του τοπίου με βάση τα GIS, η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως στόχο να επανεκτιμήσει τα σωζόμενα αρχαιολογικά δεδομένα από το σπήλαιο Ζαρ Τρύπα, να εξετάσει το χώρο τέλεσης της τελετουργικής δραστηριότητας και να τοποθετήσει το σπήλαιο στο πλαίσιο του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος του όρους Όσσα και του αρχαίου οικιστικού μοντέλου. Βασιζόμενη στο μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο της “βιωματικής θρησκείας” (lived religion), η αξιολόγηση αυτή όχι μόνο συμβάλλει στην κατανόηση των αρχαίων θρησκευτικών εμπειριών στο σπήλαιο Ζαρ Τρύπα, αλλά εξετάζει και ευρύτερα ζητήματα όπως η σημασία και το νόημα των “ιερών ταξιδιών” στην προχριστιανική αρχαιότητα.
Μετάφραση: Μαρία Σταματοπούλου
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