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Heraldry of the Rhodian Knights, formerly in Smyrna Castle
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 October 2013
Extract
The two white marble slabs shewn below (Figs. 2, 3), originally in the castle of S. Peter at Smyrna, are now built into the circular court of the prison, high up, facing the entrance from the street. I was first apprised of their whereabouts by the late Dr. Weber, who himself published them in the somewhat inaccessible ῾H μερολόγιον τῆς ᾿Αμαλθεἰας. For access to the prison I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. Harris, Consul-General of the United States.
The history of the castle need not long occupy us here. It is sufficient to say that it dated from the capture of Smyrna in 1344 by a combined Christian fleet under Jean de Biandra, Prior of Lombardy, and was held by the Papacy till 1374, when it was transferred to the Knights of S. John (Grand Master de Julliac) by Gregory XI. In 1392 it was repaired for the Order by Domenico d'Allemagna, Admiral of Rhodes, at the charges of G. M. de Heredia, again by G. M. de Naillac in 1398, and finally stormed by Timur in 1399. It was never recovered by the Knights, who are said to have built the new castle of S. Peter (Budrum) to replace it as a mainland stronghold.
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- Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1911
References
page 145 note 1 1894, pp. 150–154.
page 145 note 2 The best view of its history is given by Mas-Latrie, , Trésor de Chronologie, 1789 f.Google Scholar: see also Bosio, , Vertot, , and Tomaschek, in Sitzb. Akad. Wien, cxxiv. (1891), p. 27.Google Scholar
page 145 note 3 Perhaps after being damaged by the earthquake of 1389 (Νέος ῾Ελληνομνήμων vii. 146 (82)).
page 145 note 4 So Muralt: others place the capture in 1398 (Bosio) and 1404 (Sherif-ed-din).
page 145 note 5 For the date of the building of Budrum, Bosio gives 1399, Buondelmonti 1400 (map of Kos).
page 145 note 6 Theod. Niemius, , de Schismate, ii. xxx.Google Scholar: Castrum solo coaequavit, adeo quòd etiam, ut ipsimet fratres dicti hospitalis aiunt cum c milibus florenorum auri in statum pristinum reduci non bosset.
page 146 note 1 D'Arvieux (1654), i. 53; Thévenot, i. 289; Le Bruyn; Earl of Sandwich, 307; Hobhouse, i. 620; Arundell, , Asia Minor, ii. 401Google Scholar; Prokesch, , Wiener Jahrbücher f. Litteratur, Anzeigerblatt 67 (1834), 65Google Scholar; Mas-Latrie, , Rev. Miss. Arch. (1850), 104.Google Scholar
page 147 note 1 Weber, loc. cit.
page 147 note 2 Voy. en Asie Mineure, Pl. III. p. 7.
page 147 note 3 L'Orient, i. Pl. XLVII.
page 147 note 4 Weber, loc. cit., Παλιγγενεσία Apr. 15, 1872.
page 147 note 5 Des Hayes, 343: cf. de Burgo's account in 1680 (Viaggio, i. 459).
page 147 note 6 Arundell, loc. cit.
page 147 note 7 D'Arvieux, i. 53; Thévenot, i. 289; Arundell, ii. 401; Mas-Latrie, , Rev. des Miss. i. (1850) 104Google Scholar = Bibl. Ec. des Chartes, IIs. ii. 560.
page 148 note 1 The dimensions of the blocks as given by Weber are 1·04 × 0·50 m. and 1·00 × 0·70 m. respectively. I was unable to reach them.
page 148 note 2 They are, however, blazoned in various ways; at Rhodes we find in two cases seven towers arranged 2, 1, 2, 1, 1 (Belabre, , Rhodes, p. 47Google Scholar, Fig. 28, p. 164, Fig. 167), once five towers, 2, 1, 2 (ibid. p. 89, Fig. 73). In the castle of Kos, three castles, two and one, the castles three-towered as here.
page 149 note 1 Bosio, ii. 111. The repairs were carried out by Buffillo Panizzato, prior of Barlelta.
page 149 note 2 Martyrologie (Paris, 1643), Pl. IX.
page 149 note 3 Delle Arme overo insigne dei Nobili (Napoli, 1618) p. 220, ‘… il campo d'oro con le (due) fascie vermiglie couerte d'alcuni reti d'argento, con otto o noue uccelli vermigli ‥’ I owe this reference to the kindness of Mr. A. van de Put. Picenardi and Belabre identify the arms with Chantemerle.
page 149 note 4 Rottiers, Pls. IX. XI. A. Berg, p. 36. The birds are here arranged in orle 4, 2, and 3.
page 149 note 5 Belabre, p. 47, Fig. 28. (Similar arrangement but not in orle.)
page 149 note 6 Ibid. p. 147, Fig. 147. The birds are here placed 3, 3, and 3 with a chief of the order.
page 149 note 7 de Martoni, N. (1395) in Rev. Or. Lat. iii. 682Google Scholar; Bosio, ii. 102; Belabre, 146.
page 149 note 8 Chateaubriand, , Itinéraire, 211Google Scholar; Rottiers, Pl. XX.; Picenardi, 155; Belabre, p. 163, Fig. 165: the birds are here in orle, 4, 2, and 3. The modern inscription may replace a chief of the order.
page 149 note 9 Bosio, ii. 102 (1392). D'Allemagna's career is thus: Commander of Naples, 1386; held Nisyros for the Order, 1386–92 (Bosio, ii. 196, 102–3, cf. Martoni, 642); Admiral, 1392–8 (Bosio, ii. 128); Lieutenant for the Grand Master (Bosio, ii. 122); Commander of Naples, S. Stefano, Avignon, Nocera, and Fineca, 1407; died Bailly of Lango, 1410 (Bosio, 128–31).
page 150 note 1 Campanile, loc. cit. p. 143.