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‘The passion of hazard’: women at the British School at Athens before the First World War1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

David W. J. Gill
Affiliation:
University of Wales Swansea

Abstract

From the opening of the British School at Athens in 1886 to the outbreak of the First World War, women were regularly admitted as Students. British women were actively engaged in research in Greece, although they were not permitted to join official School excavations until the 1911 campaign at Phylakopi on the island of Melos. This contrasts with the active field research of American women like Harriet Boyd Hawes. Most of the British women had been educated at either Girton College or Newnham College, Cambridge, where they had been influenced by Katharine Jex-Blake and Jane Harrison. For several, notably Hilda Lorimer, Gisela Richter and Eugenie Strong, their residence in Athens was to make a significant contribution to their careers and subsequent study of antiquity.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2002

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References

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40 Quoted in Ibid., 85.

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59 Breay, ‘Classical Tripos’, 67; Stray, ‘Digs and degrees’.

60 For the reasons behind such poor results: Beard, Invention, 18–19, 176 n. 12. The statistics for these results are presented by Breay, ‘Classical Tripos’, 64–6, 68–9.

61 Richter, My Memoirs, 8.

62 Beard, Invention, 21.

63 Richter, My Memoirs, 4.

64 Ibid., 8.

65 Breay, ‘Classical Tripos’, 61.

66 Egyptology was also becoming more important with a large number of women active in London: Janssen, Rosalind M., The First Hundred years: Egyptology at University Col London 1892–1992 (London, 1992Google Scholar). See also David W. J. Gill, ‘Mary Brodrick’, in New DNB.

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69 Benson had been educated at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. For her life: Benson, Maggie Benson (n. 4).

70 Drower, Flinders Petrie (n. 68), 222. For a detailed account: Calder, William M. III, ‘Jane Harrison's failed candidacies for the Yates professorship (1888, 1896): what did her colleagues think of her?’, in id. (ed.), The Cambridge Ritualists Reconsidered (Illinois Classical Studies; Atlanta, 1991), 3759Google Scholar.

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73 Quoted in Benson, Maggie Benson (n. 4), 151. Her letters cover the period from November 1893 to January 1894 (pp. 155–62).

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76 Stubbings, ‘Wace’ (n. 58), 266.

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79 On this phenomenon: Breay, ‘Classical Tripos’, 62–3. Women were only allowed to take the Tripos examinations in Cambridge from 1881.

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112 Gill, ‘Dorothy Lamb’ (n. 20).

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128 See Lord, ASCSA 72, 91.

129 See also Ibid., 72.

130 Quoted in Waterhouse, BSA 153.

131 See Stray, ‘Digs and degrees’, for the tension between these groups in contemporary Cambridge.

132 Letter of 20 Jan. 1897; quoted in Bosanquet, Letters and Light Verse, 64.

133 Letter of Friday, 26 Feb. 1897; quoted Ibid., 67.

134 Bosanquet, Late Harvest, 53, 59.

135 Ibid., 59.

136 Waterhouse, BSA 134.

137 Bosanquet, Late Harvest, 62.

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139 Quoted in Waterhouse, BSA, 134.

140 Quoted Ibid.

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142 Waterhouse, BSA 25.

143 Richter, My Memoirs, 11.

144 Lord, ASCSA 91.

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146 Quoted in Waterhouse, BSA 153.

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150 Hartley, ‘H. L. Lorimer’ (n. 81), 27.

151 Bosanquet, Late Harvest, 64.

152 Allsebrook, Born to Rebel, 122. See also Marshall Becker, J. and Betancourt, Philip P., Richard Berry Seager: Pioneer Archaeologist and Proper Gentleman (Philadelphia, 1997), 39Google Scholar.

153 Ellen S. Bosanquet, Days in Attica, 3.

154 Richter, My Memoirs, 10. See also Bosanquet, Letters and Light Verse, 11.

155 Hood, Faces, 174.

156 Richter, My Memoirs, 11.

157 Allsebrook, Born to Rebel, 125.

158 See Marchand, Down from Olympus, 193.

159 Ibid., 95.

160 Richter, My Memoirs, 11.

161 Ibid., 7.

162 Ibid., 11.

163 Becker and Betancourt, Seager (n. 152), 57; Richter, My Memoirs, 11; Allsebrook, Born to Rebel, 125; MacGillivray, Minotaur, 233–4.

164 Allsebrook, Born to Rebel, 129.

165 See on this festival Robert Carr Bosanquet's letter of 9 Apr. 1893, quoted in Bosanquet, Letters and Light Verse, 23–8.

166 For a summary of the situation: Melman, Women's Orients (n. 9), 39.

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174 Ibid., 63.

175 Ibid., 64.

176 Ibid., 64.

177 Ibid., 64.

178 Quoted in Waterhouse, BSA 134.

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183 Beard, Invention, 24; Wiseman, BSR. For the context: Hodges, Richard, Visions of Rome: Thomas Ashby Archaeologist (London, 2000Google Scholar).

184 Beard, Invention, 26.

185 Ibid., 24–6; Smith, A. H., ‘Thomas Ashby (1874–1931)’, PBA 17 (1931), 515–41Google Scholar; Wiseman, BSR 15–16.

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187 Lorimer, Hilda L., ‘Notes on the sequence and distribution of the fabrics called Proto-Corinthian’, JHS 32 (1912), 326–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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189 e.g. Lorimer, Hilda L., Homer and the Monuments (London, 1950Google Scholar).

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191 Heurtley, W. A. and Lorimer, H. L., ‘Excavations in Ithaca, I. LH III-Protogeometric cairns at Aetos’, BSAi 33 (19321933), 2265Google Scholar.

192 See Benton, S., ‘H. L. Lorimer’, Girton Review 155 (1954), 29Google Scholar.

193 Waterhouse, BSA 161.

194 See in particular Becker and Betancourt, Seager (n. 152), 161.

195 Cf. Griffin, Nicholas (ed.), The Selected Letters of Bertrand Russell. Volume 1: The Private Years, 1884–1914 (London, 1992), 445Google Scholar, letter of 19 Dec. 1912.

196 Annual meeting of subscribers, 1914’, BSA 20 (19131914), 137Google Scholar.

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199 Lamb, Dorothy, ‘Notes on Seljouk buildings at Konia’, BSA 21 (19141916), 3154Google Scholar.

200 Brooke, Dorothy (ed.), Private Letters, Pagan and Christian: An Anthology of Greek and Roman Private Letters from the Fifth Century before Christ to the Fifth Century of our Era (London, 1929Google Scholar; New York, 1930); ead., Pilgrims Were They All: Studies of Religious Adventure in the Fourth Century of Our Era (London, 1937Google Scholar).

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202 Taylor, Mary Norah Lupton and Bradshaw, Harold C., ‘Architectural terracottas from two temples at Falerii Veteres’, PBSR 8 (1916), 134Google Scholar. See also Wiseman, BSR 13–14, 26.

203 Annual meeting of subscribers, 1913’, BSA 19 (19121913), 268Google Scholar. Dickins, ‘The followers of Praxiteles’ (n. 138).

204 e.g. Hasluck, M., ‘Dionysos at Smyrna’, BSA 19 (19121913), 8994Google Scholar.

205 For her husband's work: Frederick Hasluck, W., ‘The caliph Mamoun and the prophet Daniel’, JHS 42 (1922), 99103CrossRefGoogle Scholar; id., ‘Heterodox tribes of Asia Minor’, Journal of the Royal Archaeological Institute, 51 (1921), 310–42; id., ‘Constantinopolitana’, JHS 43 (1923), 162–7; id., ‘The multiplication of tombs in Turkey’, JHS 43 (1923), 168–9; Hasluck, Frederick W. and Hasluck, Margaret M. Hardie, Athos and its Monasteries (London, 1924Google Scholar); eid., Christianity and Islam under the Sultans (Oxford, 1929Google Scholar); Hasluck, Margaret M. Hardie, Dawkins, Richard M., and Hasluck, Frederick W., Letters on Religion and Folklore (London, 1926)Google Scholar. For her own work: Margaret M. Hasluck, Kendime Englisht-Shqip or Albanian-English Reader (1932). See also Richard Dawkins, M., ‘Obituary: Margaret Masson Hasluck’, Folk-Lore, 60 (1949), 291–2Google Scholar.

206 Annual meeting of subscribers, 1913’, BSA 19 (19121913), 266Google Scholar.

207 Margery assisted with the British School at Rome's project on the sculptural collections. See Jones, Henry Stuart (ed.), A Catalogue of the Ancient Sculptures Preserved in the Municipal Collections of Rome 1: The Sculptures of the Museo Capitolino, iii (Oxford, 1912Google Scholar). Jones noted that A. M. Daniel worked on the project in his capacity as Assistant Director (1906–7) and ‘was throughout assisted by Mrs Daniel’.

208 Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum ace. no. GR.1.1956: ‘a Proto-Corinthian sherd, which may be approximately dated to the seventh century BC’.

209 Duchêne, Hervé, and Straboni, Christian, La Conquête de l'archéologie moderne: l'histoire de l'école française d'Athènes de 1846 à 1914 (CD-ROM; CNERTA, 1996); Marchand, Down from Olympus, p. xxiiiGoogle Scholar.