Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-28gj6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T07:12:55.760Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The introduction of the lapidary engraving wheel in Mesopotamia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Margaret Sax
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific Research, British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, England
Nigel D. Meeks
Affiliation:
Department of Scientific Research, British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, England
Dominique Collon
Affiliation:
Department of Western Asiatic Antiquities, British Museum, London WC1B 3DG, England

Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy provides an insight into the lapidary techniques of the ancient Near East. Engraved features on quartz cylinder seals have been compared to those produced experimentally, leading to a radical reassessment of the date for the introduction of the engraving wheel.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Buchanan, B. 1970. Cylinder seal impressions in the Yale Babylonian collection illustrating a revolution in art circa 1700 BC, Yale University Library Gazette October: 5365.Google Scholar
Childe, V.G. 1954. Rotaryy motion, in Singer, C. Holmyard, E.J. & Hall, A.R. (ed.), A history of technology I: 187215. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Collon, D. 1982. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic seals in the British Museum. Cylinder seals II. Akkadian, Post Akkadian, Ur III periods. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Collon, D. 1986. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic seals in the British Museum. Cylinder seals III. Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian periods. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Collon, D. 1987. First impressions. Cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Collon, D. In press. Catalogue of the Western Asiatic seals in the British Museum. Cylinder seals V. Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Courty, M. & Roux, V.. 1995. Identification of wheel throwing on the basis of ceramic features and microfabrics, Journal of Archaeological Science 22/1: 1750.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1939. Cylinder seals. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gorelick, L. & Gwinnett, A.J.. 1989. ‘Collars’ in the holes of Near Eastern cylinder seals, Archaeomaterials 3: 3946.Google Scholar
Gwinnett, A.J. & Gorelick, L.. 1979. Ancient lapidary: a study using scanning electron microscopy and functional analysis, Expedition 22: 1732.Google Scholar
Gwinnett, A.J. & Gorelick, L.. 1987. The change from stone drills to copper drills in Mesopotamia, Expedition 29: 1524.Google Scholar
Matthews, D.M. 1990. Principles of composition in Near Eastern glyptic of the later second millennium BC. Fribourg: Biblical Institute of the University. Series Archaeologica 8.Google Scholar
Nissen, H.J. 1977. Aspects of the development of early cylinder seals, in Gibson, M. & Biggs, R.D. (ed.), Seals and sealing in the ancient Near East, Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 6: 1523. Malibu (CA): Undena Publications.Google Scholar
Roux, V.Se Courty, M.. 1998. Identification of wheel-fashioning methods: technological analysis of 4th-3rd millennium BC oriental ceramics, Journal of Archaeological Science 25/8: 74763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sax, M. 1991. The composition of the materials of first millennium BC cylinder seals from Western Asia, in Budd, P. Chapman, B. Jackson, C. Janaway, R. & Ottaway, B. (ed.), Archaeological Sciences 1989: 10414. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Sax, M., McNabb, J. & Meeks, N.D.. 1998: Methods of engraving Mesopotamian cylinder seals: experimental confirmation, Archaeometry 40: 121.Google Scholar
Sax, M. & Meeks, N.D.. 1994. The introduction of wheel cutting as a technique for engraving cylinder seals: its distinction from filing, Iraq 56: 15366.Google Scholar
Sax, M. & Meeks, N.D.. 1995. Methods of engraving Mesopotamian quartz cylinder seals, Archaeometry 37: 2536.Google Scholar
Sax, M. & Middleton, A.P.. 1992. A system of nomenclature for quartz and its application to cylinder seals, Archaeometry 34: 1120.Google Scholar
Ward, W.H. 1910. The seal cylinders of Western Asia. Washington (DC): Carnegie Institution.Google Scholar