Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T11:00:16.664Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Antioxidant supplementation preserves antioxidant response in physical training and low antioxidant intake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Stéphane Palazzetti ,
Anne-Sophie Rousseau ,
Marie-Jeanne Richard ,
Alain Favier  and
Irène Margaritis
Stéphane Palazzetti
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Physiologie des Adaptations, Performance Motrice et Santé, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, France
Anne-Sophie Rousseau
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Physiologie des Adaptations, Performance Motrice et Santé, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, France Laboratoire NVMC, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
Marie-Jeanne Richard
Affiliation:
Laboratoire LBSO/LCR7 No. 8, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
Alain Favier
Affiliation:
Jean-Pierre Ebel CNRS-CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
Irène Margaritis*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Physiologie des Adaptations, Performance Motrice et Santé, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Irène Margaritis, fax +33 4 92 29 65 49, email margarit@unice.fr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The present controlled-training double-blind study (supplemented (S) group, n 7; placebo (P) group, n 10) was designed to investigate whether an antioxidant mixture (Se 150 μg, retinyl acetate mg, ascorbic acid 120 mg, α-tocopheryl succinate) would allow overloaded triathletes to avoid adaptation failure in the antioxidant system. Dietary intakes were recorded. The supplement of Se, and vitamins A and E provided 100 % of the French RDA. Four weeks of overloaded training (OT) followed 4 weeks of normal training (NT). After NT and OT, biological studies were conducted at rest and after a duathlon test (run 5 km, cycle 20 km, run 5 km). During the 4-week period of NT, blood levels of GSH levels increased in response to supplementation (P<0·05) and remained elevated during OT. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the S group in all situations after NT and OT (P<0·01). The S group had increased erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity in response to OT (P<0·05). Supplementation significantly reduced (P<0·05) the magnitude in duathlon-induced creatine kinase isoenzyme MB mass increase, which tended to be higher with OT (P=0·09). We conclude that the antioxidant mixture helped to preserve the antioxidant system during an OT-induced stress in subjects with initially low antioxidant intakes. Effects of supplementation during NT and/or OT are shown mostly by the alleviated muscle damage. The effects of the antioxidant mixture were observed for doses that can be provided by a diversified and well-balanced diet. The maintenance of normal nutritional status with regard to the antioxidant intake (Se, vitamins C and E) plays a key role in antioxidant adaptive effects during NT and OT.

Keywords

SeleniumAscorbateα-TocopherolOxidative stressPhysical training
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 91 , Issue 1 , January 2004 , pp. 91 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Akerboom, T & Sies, H (1981) Assay of glutathione, glutathione disulfides and glutathione mixed disulfides in biological samples. In Methods in Enzymology 373–382 [Colowick, SP, Kaplan, NO, editors] New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Alessio, HM, Goldfarb, AH & Cao, G (1997) Exercice-induced oxidative stress before and after vitamin C supplementation. Int J Sport Nutr. 7, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnaud, J, Fortis, I, Blachier, S, Kia, D & Favier, A (1991) Simultaneous determination of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in serum by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B 572, 103–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arnaud, J, Prual, A, Preziosi, P, Favier, A & Hercberg, S (1993) Selenium determination in human milk in Niger: influence of maternal status. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 7, 199–204.Google ScholarPubMed
Clarkson, PM (1995) Micronutrients and exercise: anti-oxidants and minerals. J Sports Sci 13, S11–S24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, AR (1999) Oxidative DNA damage, antioxidants, and cancer. Bioessays 21, 238–246.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dekkers, JC, Van Doornen, LJ & Kemper, HC (1996) The role of antioxidant vitamins and enzymes in the prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Med 21, 213–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durnin, JVGA & Rahaman, MM (1967) The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr 21, 681–689.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duthie, SJ, Ma, A, Ross, MA & Collins, AR (1996) Antioxidant supplementation decreases oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Cancer Res 56, 1291–1295.Google ScholarPubMed
Emonet, N, Leccia, MT, Favier, A, Beani, JC & Richard, MJ (1997) Thiols and selenium: protective effect on human skin fibroblasts exposed to UVA radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B 40, 84–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emonet, N, Richard, MJ, Ravanat, JL, Signorini, N, Cadet, J & Beani, JC (1998) Protective effects of antioxidants against UVA-induced DNA damage in human skin fibroblasts in culture. Free Radic Res 29, 307–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldfarb, AH (1999) Nutritional antioxidants as therapeutic and preventive modalities in exercise-induced muscle damage. Can J Appl Physiol 24, 249–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guilland, JC, Margaritis, I, Melin, B, Pérès, G, Richalet, JP & Sabatier, PP (2001) Sportifs et sujets à activité physique intense (Sportsmen and subjects with high physical activity). In Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés pour la Population Française (French Population Recommended Dietary Allowances) 3rd ed. pp. 337–394 [Martin, A, editor]. Paris: T ec & Doc.Google Scholar
Günzler, WA, Kremers, H & Flohé, L (1974) An improved coupled test procedure for glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in blood. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 12, 444–448.Google Scholar
Halliwell, B (2000) Why and how should we measure oxidative DNA damage in nutritional studies? How far have we come? Am J Clin Nutr 72, 1082–1087.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartmann, A, Nieb, AM, Grünert-Fuchs, M, Poch, B & Speit, G (1995) Vitamin E prevents exercise-induced DNA damage. Mutat Res 346, 195–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hartmann, A, Plappert, U, Raddatz, K, Grünert-Fuchs, M & Günter, S (1994) Does physical activity induce DNA damage? Mutagenesis 9, 269–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellman, B, Vaghef, H & Boström, B (1995) The concepts of the tail moment and tail inertia in the single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Mutat Res 336, 123–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hinchcliff, KW, Reinhart, GADiSilvestro, R, Reynolds, ABlostein-Fujii, A &Swenson, RA (2000) Oxidant stress in sled dogs subjected to repetitive endurance exercise. Am J Vet Res 61, 512–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, HY, Helzlsouer, KJ & Appel, LJ (2000) The effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative DNA damage: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9, 647–652.Google ScholarPubMed
Itoh, H, Ohkuwa, T & Yamazaki, Y (1999) Vitamin E supplementation attenuates leakage of enzymes following 6 successive days of running training. Int J Sports Med 21, 369–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, LL (1999) Antioxidants and oxidative stress in exercise. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 222, 283–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanter, MM, Nolte, LA & Holloszy, JO (1993) Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise. J Appl Physiol 74, 965–969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCall, MR &Frei, B (1999) Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans? Free Radic Biol Med 26, 1034–1053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNair, DM, Lorr, M & Droppleman, LF (1992) Edits Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Services.Google Scholar
Margaritis, I, Tessier, F, Richard, MJ & Marconnet, P (1997) No evidence of oxidative stress after a triathlon race in highly trained competitors. Int J Sports Med 18, 186–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marklund, S & Marklund, G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47, 469–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzatico, F, Pansarasa, O, Bertorelli, L, Somenzini, LDella Valle, G (1997) Blood free radical antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides following long-distance and lactacidemic performances in highly trained aerobic and sprint athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 37, 235–239.Google ScholarPubMed
Meydani, M, Evans, WJ & Handelman, G (1993) Protective effect of vitamin E on exercise-induced oxidative damage in young and older adults. Am J Physiol 264, R992–R998.Google ScholarPubMed
Nadif, R, Diallo, L & Mayer, L (1998) Relationship between blood antioxidants and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coke oven workers. Am J Ind Med 34, 272–279.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niess, AM, Hartmann, A, Grunert-Fuchs, M, Poch, B & Speit, G (1996) DNA damage after exhaustive treadmill running in trained and untrained men. Int J Sports Med 17, 397–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palazzetti, S, Richard, MJ, Favier, A & Margaritis, I (2003) Overloaded training increases exercise-induced oxidative stress and damage. Can J Appl Physiol 28, 588–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powers, SK & Hamilton, K (1999) Antioxidants and exercise. Clin Sports Med 18, 525–536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powers, SK, Ji, LL & Leeuwenburgh, C (1999) Exercise training-induced alterations in skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity: a brief review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31, 987–997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preziosi, P, Galan, P & Herbeth, B (1998) Effects of supplementation with a combination of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements, at nutritional doses, on biochemical indicators and markers of the antioxidant system in adult subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 17, 244–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prieme, H, Loft, S, Nyyssonen, K, Salonen, JT & Poulsen, HE (1997) No effect of supplementation with vitamin E, ascorbic acid, or coenzyme Q10 on oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion in smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 65, 503–507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radàk, Z, Kaneko, T & Tahara, S (1999) The effect of exercise training on oxidative damage on lipids, proteins, and DNA in rat skeletal muscle: evidence for beneficial outcomes. Free Radic Biol Med 27, 69–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richard, MJ, Portal, B, Meo, J, Coudray, C, Hadjian, A & Favier, A (1992) Malondialdehyde kit evaluated for determining plasma and lipoprotein fractions that react with thiobarbituric acid. Clin Chem 38, 704–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rokitzki, L, Logemann, E, Huber, G, Keck, E & Keul, J (1994a) Alpha-tocopherol supplementation in racing cyclists during extreme endurance training. Int J Sport Nutr 4, 253–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rokitzki, L, Logemann, E, Sagredos, AN, Murphy, M, Wetzel-Roth, W & Keul, J (1994b) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative vitamins under extreme endurance stress. Acta Physiol Scand 151, 149–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sato, Y, Nanri, H, Ohta, M, Kasai, H & Ikeda, M (2003) Increase of human MTH1 and decrease of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in leukocyte DNA by acute and chronic exercise in healthy male subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 305, 333–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, NPMcCoy, MT, Tice, RR & Schneider, EL (1988) A simple technique for the quantification of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res 175, 184–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speek, AJ, Schrijver, J & Schreus, WHP (1984) Fluorometric determination of total vitamin C in whole blood by high performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. J Chromatogr 305, 53–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsai, K, Hsu, TG & Hsu, KM (2001) Oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral leukocytes induced by massive aerobic exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 31, 1465–1472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vermorel, M, Ritz, P, Tappy, L & Laville, M (2001) Energie (Energy). In Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés pour la Population Française (French Population Recommended Dietary Allowance), 3rd ed., pp. 17–36 [Martin, A, editor]. Paris: Tec & Doc.Google Scholar