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Effects of niacin on apo A1 and B levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2023

Somayeh Saboori ,
Esmaeil Yousefi Rad ,
Jonathan Tammam ,
Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre Open the ORCID record for Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre [Opens in a new window]  and
Shelly Coe Open the ORCID record for Shelly Coe [Opens in a new window]
Somayeh Saboori
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health (OxBCNH), Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Esmaeil Yousefi Rad
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health (OxBCNH), Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Jonathan Tammam
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health (OxBCNH), Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Pariyarath Sangeetha Thondre
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health (OxBCNH), Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
Shelly Coe*
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health (OxBCNH), Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Shelly Coe, email scoe@brookes.ac.UK
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Abstract

Niacin has been investigated for its potential impact on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the effects of niacin interventions on apo A1 and apo B levels, key regulators of lipoprotein metabolism and markers of cardiovascular risk. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed on five databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library, from inception up to 15 July 2023. This search identified 1452 publications, from which twelve randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. The intervention dosages ranged from 500 to 3000 mg/d, and the study durations spanned from 6 to 102·8 weeks. The niacin intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in apo B levels (weighted mean differences (WMD): −24·37 mg/dl, P = 0·01). Subgroup analyses indicated that intervention duration played a role, with trials of ≤ 16 weeks showing a greater reduction in apo B. Regarding apo A1, niacin significantly increased its levels (WMD: 8·23 mg/dl, P < 0·001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the beneficial effects of niacin on apo A1 were observed at a dosage of > 1500 mg/d (P < 0·001), and extended-release niacin was more effective compared with other forms (P < 0·001). According to the Begg’s regression test, no publication bias was observed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. This meta-analysis highlights niacin’s potential role in improving lipid profiles and cardiovascular health. Further well-designed clinical trials are needed to elucidate and confirm optimal dosages and durations of niacin interventions for influencing apo A1 and B.

Keywords

Niacinapoapo Bapo A1Meta-analysis
Type
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 131 , Issue 7 , 14 April 2024 , pp. 1225 - 1235
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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