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Effects of partial replacement of red and processed meat with non-soya legumes on bone and mineral metabolism and amino acid intakes in BeanMan randomised clinical trial

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2023

Suvi T. Itkonen Open the ORCID record for Suvi T. Itkonen [Opens in a new window] ,
Piia Karhu ,
Tiina Pellinen Open the ORCID record for Tiina Pellinen [Opens in a new window] ,
Mikko Lehtovirta Open the ORCID record for Mikko Lehtovirta [Opens in a new window] ,
Niina E. Kaartinen Open the ORCID record for Niina E. Kaartinen [Opens in a new window] ,
Satu Männistö Open the ORCID record for Satu Männistö [Opens in a new window] ,
Essi Päivärinta Open the ORCID record for Essi Päivärinta [Opens in a new window]  and
Anne-Maria Pajari Open the ORCID record for Anne-Maria Pajari [Opens in a new window]
Suvi T. Itkonen*
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Piia Karhu
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Tiina Pellinen
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Mikko Lehtovirta
Affiliation:
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Niina E. Kaartinen
Affiliation:
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
Satu Männistö
Affiliation:
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
Essi Päivärinta
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Anne-Maria Pajari
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Suvi T. Itkonen, email suvi.itkonen@helsinki.fi
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Abstract

The transition towards more plant-based diets may pose risks for bone health such as low vitamin D and Ca intakes. Findings for the contribution of animal and plant proteins and their amino acids (AA) to bone health are contradictory. This 6-week clinical trial aimed to investigate whether partial replacement of red and processed meat (RPM) with non-soya legumes affects AA intakes and bone turnover and mineral metabolism in 102 healthy 20–65-year-old men. Participants were randomly assigned to diet groups controlled for RPM and legume intake (designed total protein intake (TPI) 18 E%): the meat group consumed 760 g RPM per week (25 % TPI) and the legume group consumed non-soya legume-based products (20 % TPI) and 200 g RPM per week, the upper limit of the Planetary Health Diet (5 % TPI). No differences in bone (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b) or mineral metabolism (25-hydroxyvitamin D; parathyroid hormone; fibroblast growth factor 23; phosphate and Ca) markers or Ca and vitamin D intakes were observed between the groups (P > 0·05). Methionine and histidine intakes were higher in the meat group (P ≤ 0·042), whereas the legume group had higher intakes of arginine, asparagine and phenylalanine (P ≤ 0·013). Mean essential AA intakes in both groups met the requirements. Increasing the proportion of non-soya legumes by reducing the amount of RPM in the diet for 6 weeks did not compromise bone turnover and provided on average adequate amounts of AA in healthy men, indicating that this ecologically sustainable dietary change is safe and relatively easy to implement.

Keywords

Amino acidsBone turnoverNon-soya legumesRed and processed meatSustainable diets
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 131 , Issue 1 , 14 January 2024 , pp. 82 - 91
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work

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