Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T15:53:40.631Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lime-treated maize husks lower plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in normal and hypercholesterolaemic adult men from northern Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Reyna Luz Vidal-Quintanar ,
Reyna Luz Mendívil ,
Mireya Peña  and
Maria Luz Fernandez
Reyna Luz Vidal-Quintanar
Affiliation:
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Reyna Luz Mendívil
Affiliation:
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Mireya Peña
Affiliation:
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Maria Luz Fernandez*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Maria Luz Fernandez, fax +1 860 486 3674, email mluzfern@canr1.cag.uconn.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Lime-treated maize husks (LTCH), a by-product of tortilla manufacturing in Mexico, have been shown to decrease plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in guinea-pigs by specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. To determine whether LTCH would also lower plasma cholesterol levels in normal and hyperlipidaemic individuals, the fibre content of a typical diet was increased by supplementing free-living subjects in North-West Mexico with cookies containing 450 g LTCH/kg. Normal subjects (n 11) with plasma cholesterol levels of less than 5·7 mmol/l and hypercholesterolaemic subjects (n 12) with plasma cholesterol levels higher than 5·7 mmol/l participated in the study. Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, LDL: HDL values and blood pressure were determined at baseline and after 6 weeks of supplementation with LTCH. LTCH supplementation significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol level by 11–15 % and LDL-cholesterol by 25 %, and improved the LDL: HDL value by 29–33 % (P < 0·01) in both normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects. HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose concentrations did not change. Both groups consumed equal amounts of LTCH per week; individuals showed excellent compliance and good acceptance of the product. Neither group changed their dietary habits during the time of the experiment as determined by 3 d dietary records at baseline and at week 6. We conclude that LTCH supplements are suitable to increase fibre intake and reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic subjects in this population.

Keywords

Maize husksPlasma cholesterolDietary fibre
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , April 1999 , pp. 281 - 288
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Allen, TM, Manoli, A & Lamont, RL (1982) Skeletal changes associated with copper deficiency. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 168, 206–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Rashid, RA & Spangler, J (1971) Neonatal Cu deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine 285, 841–843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashkenazi, A, Levin, S, Djaldetti, M, Fishel, D & Benvenisti, D (1973) The syndrome of neonatal copper deficiency. Pediatrics 52, 523–525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, A, Harvey, L, Majask-Newman, G, Fairweather-Tait, S, Flynn, A & Cashman, K (1999) Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 408–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calabresi, E, Lasagni, L, Franceschelli, F, Bartolini, L & Serio, M (1994) Use of an internal standard to measure pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine (letter). Clinical Chemistry 40, 336–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, J & Price, CP (1986) Measurement of alpha 1 antichymotrypsin by immunoturbidity. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 23, 296–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colwell, R, Russell, RGG & Eastell, R (1993) Factors affecting the assay of urinary 3-hydroxypyridinium cross-links of collagen as markers of bone resorption. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 23, 341–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conlan, D, Korula, R & Tallentire, D (1990) Serum copper levels in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. Age and Aging 19, 212–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crawley, H (1992) Food Portion Sizes, 3rd ed. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Danks, DM (1987) Copper deficiency in infants with particular to Menke's disease. In Copper in Animals and Man, vol. 2, pp. 29–51 [McC Howell, J and Gawthorne, JM, editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Danks, DM (1988) Copper deficiency in humans. Annual Reviews in Nutrition 8, 235–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delmas, PD (1992) Clinical use of biochemical markers of bone remodelling in osteoporosis. Bone 13, S17–S21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (1991) Dietary Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Dollwet, HHA & Sorenson, JRJ (1988) Roles of copper in bone maintenance and healing. Biological Trace Element Research 18, 39–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaton-Evans, J, McIlwrath, EM, Jackson, WE, McCartney, H & Strain, JJ (1996) Copper supplementation and the maintenance of bone mineral density in middle-aged women. Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine 9, 87–94.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyre, DR (1992) New biomarkers of bone resorption. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 74, 470A–C.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eyre, DR (1996) Biochemical markers of bone turnover. In Primer on the Metabolic Bone Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 3rd ed., pp. 114–119 [Favus, MJ, editor]. New York, NY: Lippincott-Raven.Google Scholar
Farquharson, C, Duncan, A & Robins, SP (1989) The effects of copper deficiency on the pyridinium crosslinks of mature collagen in the rat skeleton and cardiovascular system. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 192, 166–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fell, BF (1987) The pathology of copper deficiency in animals. In Copper in Animals and Man, vol. 2, pp. 1–28 [McC Howell, J and Gawthorne, JM, editors]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, PWF, L'Abbe, MR & Giroux, A (1990) Effects of age, smoking, drinking, exercise and estrogen use on indices of copper status in healthy adults. Nutrition Research 10, 1081–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, MA, Overgaard, K, Riis, BJ & Christiansen, C (1991) Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 12 year study. British Medical Journal 303, 961–964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurley, LS (1981) Teratogenic aspects of manganese, zinc, and copper nutrition. Physiological Reviews 61, 249–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, PE, Milne, DB & Lykken, GI (1992) Effects of age and sex on copper absorption, biological half-life, and status in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 917–925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonas, J, Burns, J, Abel, EW, Cresswell, MJ, Strain, JJ & Paterson, CR (1993 a) Impaired mechanical strength of bone in experimental copper deficiency. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37, 245–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonas, J, Burns, J, Abel, EW, Cresswell, MJ, Strain, JJ & Paterson, CR (1993 b) A technique for the tensile testing of demineralised bone. Journal of Biomechanics 26, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, B & Kenward, MG (1989) The 2 × 2 cross-over trial with continuous data. In Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials, pp. 16–88 [Jones, B and Kenward, MG, editors]. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, DG & Suttle, NF (1981) Some effects of copper deficiency on leucocyte function in cattle and sheep. Research in Veterinary Science 31, 151–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, JM, Skinner, SJ, Wilson, T & Gray, DH (1984) Inhibition of prostaglandin action and bone resorption by copper. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 43, 841–846.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klevay, LM, Buchet, JP, Bunker, VW, Clayton, BE, Gibson, RS, Medeiros, DM, Moser-Veillon, PBL, Payterson, KY, Taper, LJ & Wolf, WR (1993) Copper in the Western diet (Belgium, Canada, UK and USA). In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 8, pp. 207–210 [Anke, M, Meissner, D and Mills, CF, editors]. Gersdorf, Germany: Verlag Media Touristik.Google Scholar
Livingstone, BME, Prentice, AM, Coward, WA, Strain, JJ, Black, AE, Davies, PSW, Stewart, CM, McKenna, PG & Whitehead, RG (1992) Validation of estimates of energy intake by weighed dietary record and diet history in children and adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 29–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medeiros, DM, Milton, A, Brunett, E & Stacy, L (1991) Copper supplementation effects on indicators of copper status and serum cholesterol in adult males Biological. Trace Element Research 30, 19–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, DB (1994) Assessment of copper status. Clinical Chemistry 40, 1479–1484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, DB (1998) Copper intake and assessment of copper status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, 1041S–1045S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, DB & Johnson, PE (1993) Assessment of copper status: effect of age and gender on ranges in healthy adults. Clinical Chemistry 39, 883–887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Dell, BL (1981) Roles of iron and copper in connective tissue biosynthesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series-B Biological Sciences 294, 91–104.Google ScholarPubMed
Patterson, CR (1990) Osteogenesis imperfecta and other bone disorders in the differential diagnosis of unexplained fractures. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 83, 72–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, WB, Omdahl, JL & Sorenson, JRJ (1985) Lack of effects of copper gluconate supplementation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 681–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Report of the Scientific Committee for Food (1993) Nutrient and Energy Intakes of the European Community, 31st series. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Community.Google Scholar
Riggs, BL, Melton, LJ III & O'Fallon, WM (1996) Drug therapy for vertebral fractures in osteoporosis: Evidence that decreases in bone turnover and increases in bone mass both determine antifracture efficacy. Bone 18, 197S–201S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, SP, Milne, G & Stewart, P (1985) The effects of copper deficiency on the lysine-derived, pyridinium crosslinks of rat bone collagen. In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 5, pp. 42–45 [Mills, CF, Bremner, I and Chesters, JK, editors]. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Robins, SP & New, SA (1997) Markers of bone turnover in relation to bone health. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 56, 903–914.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, SP, Stead, DA & Duncan, A (1994) Precautions in using an internal standard to measure pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine (letter). Clinical Chemistry 40, 2322–2323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, H, Herwig, J & Greinacher, I (1991) The skeletal changes in premature infants with a copper deficiency. Rofo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Neuen Bildgebenden Verfahren 155, 38–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seely, JR, Humphrey, GB & Matter, BJ (1972) Copper deficiency in a premature infant fed on iron-fortified formula. New England Journal of Medicine 286, 109–110.Google Scholar
Siegel, RC, Page, RC & Martin, GR (1970) The relative activity of connective tissue lysyl oxidase and plasma amine oxidase on collagen and elastin substrates. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 222, 552–555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strause, LG, Hegenauer, J, Saltman, P, Cone, R & Resnick, D (1986) Effects of long-term dietary manganese and copper deficiency on rat skeleton. Journal of Nutrition 116, 135–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tinker, D, Romero, N & Rucker, R (1988) The role of copper and crosslinking in elastin accumulation. In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, pp. 277–278 [Hurley, LS, Keen, CL, Lönnerdal, B and Rucker, RB, editors]. New York, NY: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dokkum, W (1995) The intake of selected minerals and trace elements in European countries. Nutrition Research Reviews 8, 271–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, T, Katz, JM & Gray, DH (1981) Inhibition of active bone resorption by copper. Calcified Tissue International 33, 35–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed