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Reciprocal responses to dietary diacylglycerol of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Masakazu Murata ,
Takashi Ide  and
Kenji Hara
Masakazu Murata
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Division of Physiology and Nutrition, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2–1–2 Kannondai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Takashi Ide
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Division of Physiology and Nutrition, National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2–1–2 Kannondai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Kenji Hara
Affiliation:
Kao Co. Ltd., 2606 Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan
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Abstract

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The activities of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were compared in rats fed on diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. In the first trial, rats were fed on diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol (rapeseed oil) for 14 d. The diacylglycerol preparation contained 65·2 g and 32·6 g fatty acids/100 g total fatty acids as 1,3-species and 1,2-species respectively. Fatty acid compositions of these dietary lipids were similar. Dietary acylglycerols were added to experimental diets to provide the same amounts of fatty acids (93·9 g/kg diet). Dietary diacylglycerol compared with triacylglycerol significantly reduced the concentrations of serum and liver triacylglycerol. The activities of enzymes of fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthetase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40)) were significantly lower in rats fed on diacylglycerol than in those fed on triacylglycerol. In contrast, the rates of mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA in liver homogenates were higher in rats fed on diacylglycerol than in those fed on triacylglycerol. In the second trial, varying amounts of dietary triacylglycerol were replaced by diacylglycerol while the dietary fatty acid content was maintained (93·9 g/kg diet). After 21 d of the feeding period the significant reductions in serum and liver triacylglycerol levels were confirmed in groups of rats fed on the diets in which diacylglycerol supplied more than 65·8 g fatty acids/kg diet (65·8 and 93·9 g/kg). Reductions in the activities of enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and increases in palmitoyl-CoA oxidation rates by both mitochondrial and peroxisomal pathways were also apparent when diacylglycerol replaced triacylglycerol in diets to supply more than 65·8 g fatty acid/kg. Increasing dietary levels of diacylglycerol also progressively increased the activities of enzymes involved in the β-oxidation pathway (carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3), acyl-CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6), enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35), 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.34) and Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8)) in the liver. These results suggest that alteration of fatty acid metabolism in the liver is a factor responsible for the serum triacylglycerol-lowering effect of dietary diacylglycerol.

Keywords

DiacylglycerolFatty acid synthesisFatty acid oxidationSerum triacylglycerol
Type
General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 77 , Issue 1 , January 1997 , pp. 107 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

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