Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-p566r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-18T13:57:31.027Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Tissue protein synthesis and nucleic acid concentrations in steers treated with somatotropin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

J. H. Eisemann
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933 and Maryland 20705, USA
A. C. Hammond
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
T. S. Rumsey
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of injection with bovine somatotropin (bST) on the fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR) in tissues of beef steers was studied using a continuous infusion of [1-14C]leucine. Minimum and maximum FSR were calculated from free leucine specific radioactivity (SRA) in plasma or tissue homogenate respectively. Tissue nucleic acid concentrations were also quantified. Tissue samples were obtained from several muscles, sections of the small intestine and liver. In response to bST, both minimum and maximum FSR increased in muscle but not liver or intestinal tissues. Absolute synthesis rate increased in several muscles and small intestine tissues. Treatment with bST increased the relative SRA of protein-bound leucine in muscles compared with liver; increased the amount of protein synthesis per unit empty body-weight (EBW) in most muscles; and increased weight of small intestine relative to EBW, suggesting a differential response between liver and the other tissues measured. Compositional changes in response to bST occurred only in muscles. DNA concentration increased while protein:DNA decreased in the gastrocnemius muscle and RNA:DNA increased in the longissimus dorsi. The maximum percentage contribution of tissue protein synthesis to whole-body protein synthesis was 12·6, 25·7 and 20·5, and 13·0, 29·4 and 25·8 for liver, muscle, and small intestine in placebo-treated and bST-injected steers respectively.

Type
Protein and Peptide Metabolism
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

REFERENCES

Airhart, J., Vidrich, A. & Khairallah, E.A. (1974). Compartmentation of free amino acids for protein synthesis in rat liver. Biochemical Journal 140, 539548.Google Scholar
Attaix, D., Aurousseau, E., Manghebati, A. & Arnal, M. (1988). Contribution of liver, skin and skeletal muscle to whole-body protein synthesis in the young lamb. British Journal of Nutrition 60, 7784.Google Scholar
Bryant, D.T.W. & Smith, R.W. (1982). Protein synthesis in muscle of mature sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 98, 639643.Google Scholar
Burton, K. (1956). A study of the conditions and mechanisms of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemical Journal 62, 315323.Google Scholar
Ceriotti, G. (1955). Determination of nucleic acids in animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 214, 5970.Google Scholar
Davis, S.R., Barry, T.N. & Hughson, G.A. (1981). Protein synthesis in tissues of growing lambs. British Journal of Nutrition 46, 409419.Google Scholar
DiMarco, O.N., Baldwin, R.L. & Calvert, C.C. (1987). Relative contributions of hyperplasia and hypertrophy to growth in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 65, 150157.Google Scholar
Eisemann, J.H., Hammond, A.C., Bauman, D.E., Reynolds, P.J., McCutcheon, S.N., Tyrrell, H.F. & Haaland, G.L. (1986 a). Effect of bovine growth hormone administration on metabolism of growing Hereford heifers: protein and lipid metabolism and plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones. Journal of Nutrition 116, 25042515.Google Scholar
Eisemann, J.H., Hammond, A.C., Rumsey, T.S. & Bauman, D.E. (1989). Nitrogen and protein metabolism and metabolites in plasma and urine of beef steers treated with somatotropin. Journal of Animal Science 67, 105115.Google Scholar
Eisemann, J.H., Tyrrell, H.F., Hammond, A.C., Reynolds, P.J., Bauman, D.E., Haaland, G.L., McMurtry, J.P. & Varga, G.A. (1986 b). Effect of bovine growth hormone administration on metabolism of growing Hereford heifers: dietary digestibility, energy and nitrogen balance. Journal of Nutrition 116, 157163.Google Scholar
Everett, A.W., Prior, G. & Zak, R. (1981). Equilibration of leucine between the plasma compartment and leucyl-tRNA in the heart, and turnover of cardiac myosin heavy chain. Biochemical Journal 194, 365368.Google Scholar
Eversole, D.E., Bergen, W.G., Merkel, R.A., Magee, W.T. & Harpster, H.W. (1981). Growth and muscle development of feedlot cattle of different genetic backgrounds. Journal of Animal Science 53, 91101.Google Scholar
Fern, E.B. & Garlick, P.J. (1973). The specific radioactivity of the precursor pool for estimates of the rate of protein synthesis. Biochemical Journal 134, 11271130.Google Scholar
Garlick, P.J., Burk, T.L. & Swick, R.W. (1976). Protein synthesis and RNA in tissues of the pig. American Journal of Physiology 230, 11081112.Google Scholar
Garlick, P.J., Millward, D.J. & James, W.P.T. (1973). The diurnal response of muscle and liver protein synthesis in vivo in meal-fed rats. Biochemial Journal 136, 935945.Google Scholar
Goldberg, A.L. (1967). Protein synthesis in tonic and phasic skeletal muscles. Nature 216, 12191220.Google Scholar
Goldberg, A.L. (1968). Protein synthesis during work induced growth of skeletal muscle. Journal of Cell Biology 36, 653658.Google Scholar
Goldspink, D.F. & Kelly, F.J. (1984). Protein turnover and growth in the whole body, liver and kidney of the rat from the foetus to senility. Biochemical Journal 217, 507516.Google Scholar
Goldspink, D.F., Lewis, S.E.M. & Kelly, F.J. (1984). Protein synthesis during the developmental growth of the small and large intestine of the rat. Biochemical Journal 217, 527534.Google Scholar
Grantley-Smith, M.P., Oldham, J.D. & Hart, I.C. (1983). Effect of growth hormone and anabolic steroids on N retention and dynamics of urea metabolism in young Friesian steers. In Proceedings of IVth International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. 161164 [Arnal, M., editor]. Clermont-Ferrand: INRA.Google Scholar
Helander, E. (1957). On quantitative muscle protein determination. Sarcoplasm and myofibril protein content of normal and atrophic skeletal muscles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 41, Suppl. 141, 198.Google Scholar
Hunter, R.A., Davey, J.B. & Buttery, P.J. (1987). Fractional rate of protein synthesis in liver and in individual muscles of lambs: effect of time of sampling following the use of the continuous infusion technique. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 108, 511514.Google Scholar
Khairallah, E.A., Airhart, J., Bruno, M.K., Puchalsky, D. & Khairallah, L. (1977). Implications of amino acid compartmentation for the determination of rates of protein catabolism in livers in meal fed rats. Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica 36, 17351745.Google Scholar
Lewis, S.E.M., Kelly, F.J. & Goldspink, D.F. (1984). Pre- and post-natal growth and protein turnover in smooth muscle, heart and slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of the rat. Biochemical Journal 217, 517526.Google Scholar
Lipsey, R.J., Dikeman, M.E., Kohlmeier, R.H. & Scott, R.A. (1978). Relationships between growth traits, carcass traits and muscle nucleic acid concentrations in the bovine. Journal of Animal Science 47, 10951101.Google Scholar
Lobley, G.E., Milne, V., Lovie, J.M., Reeds, P.J. & Pennie, K. (1980). Whole body and tissue protein synthesis in cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 43, 491502.Google Scholar
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. & Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265275.Google Scholar
Millward, D.J., Garlick, P.J., Nnanyelugo, D.O. & Waterlow, J.C. (1976). The relative importance of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown in the regulation of muscle mass. Biochemical Journal 156, 185188.Google Scholar
Mosley, W.M., Krabill, L.F. & Olsen, R.F. (1982). Effect of bovine growth hormone administered in various patterns on nitrogen metabolism in the Holstein steer. Journal of Animal Science 55, 10621070.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1976). Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 5th rev. ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Nnanyelugo, D.O. & Chatterjee, A.K. (1985). Relationship between growth hormone administration, hypophysectomy and protein turnover in rats. Nutrition Reports International 31, 813824.Google Scholar
Pell, J.M. & Bates, P.C. (1987). Collagen and non-collagen protein turnover in skeletal muscle of growth hormone-treated lambs. Journal of Endocrinology 115, R1R4.Google Scholar
Reeds, P.J., Cadenhead, A., Fuller, M.F., Lobley, G.E. & McDonald, J.D. (1980). Protein turnover in growing pigs. Effects of age and food intake. British Journal of Nutrition 43, 445455.Google Scholar
Simon, O., Bergner, H., Munchmeyer, R. & Zebrowska, T. (1982). Studies on the range of tissue protein synthesis in pigs: the effect of thyroid hormones. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 571582.Google Scholar
Simon, O., Munchmeyer, R., Bergner, H., Zebrowska, T. & Buraczewska, L. (1978). Estimation of rate of protein synthesis by constant infusion of labelled amino acids in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 40, 243252.Google Scholar
Simon, O., Zebrowska, T., Bergner, H. & Munchmeyer, R. (1983). Investigations on the pancreatic and stomach secretions in pigs by means of continuous infusion of 14C-amino acids. Archiv für Tierernährung 1, 922.Google Scholar
Suzuki, A., Tamate, H. & Okada, M. (1976). The effect of a high plane of nutrition during a given period of growth on size and proportion of skeletal muscle fiber types in the cattle. Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research 27, 2025.Google Scholar
Trenkle, A., DeWitt, D.L. & Topel, D.G. (1978). Influence of age, nutrition and genotype on carcass traits and cellular development of the M. longissimus of cattle. Journal of Animal Science 46, 15971603.Google Scholar
Trenkle, A. & Topel, D.G. (1978). Relationships of some endocrine measurements to growth and carcass composition of cattle. Journal of Animal Science 46, 16041609.Google Scholar
Waterlow, J.C., Garlick, P.J. & Millward, D.J. (1978). Protein Turnover in Mammalian Tissues and in the Whole Body. New York: North-Holland Publishing Company.Google Scholar