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Usual dietary fibre intake according to diabetes status in USA adults – NHANES 2013–2018

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2023

Derek C. Miketinas Open the ORCID record for Derek C. Miketinas [Opens in a new window] ,
Wesley J. Tucker ,
Crystal C. Douglas  and
Mindy A. Patterson
Derek C. Miketinas*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA
Wesley J. Tucker
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA Institute for Women’s Health, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA
Crystal C. Douglas
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Mindy A. Patterson
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA Institute for Women’s Health, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Derek C. Miketinas, email dmiketinas@twu.edu
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Abstract

It is unknown if fibre intake differs across diabetes status in USA adults and is associated with glycaemic outcomes. This cross-sectional analysis utilised National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2013–2018 data to estimate usual total dietary fibre intake in USA adults and across diabetes status (no diabetes, prediabetes and type II diabetes (T2D)). Associations among dietary fibre intake and glycaemic outcomes were also reported across groups. Adults (≥ 19 years) with at least one dietary recall were included. Diabetes status was determined from self-report data and measured HbA1c. Independent samples t tests were used to compare mean (se) intake across sub-populations. 14 640 adults (51·3 % female) with 26·4 % and 17·4 % classified as having prediabetes and T2D, respectively. Adults with T2D reported greater mean (se) dietary fibre intake compared with no T2D for females (9·5 (0·13) v. 8·7 (0·11) g/1000 kcal/d and males (8·5 (0·12) v. 7·7 (0·11) g/1000 kcal/d; P < 0·01)). However, only 4·2 (0·50)% and 8·1 (0·90)% of males and females with T2D, respectively, met the adequate intake for fibre. Fibre intake was associated with lower insulin (β = −0·80, P < 0·01), serum glucose (β = −1·35, P < 0·01) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (β = −0·22, P < 0·01) in adults without diabetes, and no relationships in adults with prediabetes or T2D were found. Although dietary fibre intake was highest among adults with T2D, intake was suboptimal across all groups. In adults without diabetes, dietary fibre intake was associated with improved glycaemic outcomes and insulin resistance; however, these associations were attenuated by anthropometric and lifestyle covariates.

Keywords

PrediabetesType 2 diabetesAdequate intakeObesityCarbohydrate qualityGlycaemia
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 6 , 28 September 2023 , pp. 1056 - 1064
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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