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Artists and patronage in late fourteenth-century Iran in the light of two catalogues of Islamic metalwork

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

Extract

Islamic metalwork has in recent years been the subject of several important new publications. James W. Allan has written a lavishly illustrated guide to a recently acquired private collection whose pieces attest to the high quality of objects available to the discriminating collector. The 27 pieces span the variety of wares produced in the medieval Islamic world: bowls, ewers, candlesticks, inkwells, incense burners, and other objects produced in Egypt, Syria, the Jazira, Iran, and India from the tenth to the seventeenth century. Multiple photographs in both colour and black and white accompany a lengthy discussion of each piece. In the introduction the author offers a brief summary of the Islamic metalware tradition (its origins, expansion, and decline) and discusses the symbolism inherent in its decoration, particularly the imagery of light and darkness and the sun.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1985

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References

1 Islamic metalwork: the Nuhad Es-Said collection (London, 1982)Google Scholar.

2 Islamic metalwork from the Iranian world 8–18th centuries: Victoria and Albert Museum catalogue (London, 1982)Google Scholar.

3 The four candlesticks are: Musée des Beaux Arts, Lyon E538–54; Cleveland Museum ofArt 51.539; and Musée du Louvre 7530 and 6034. See respectively Melikian-Chirvani, A. S., ‘Matériaux pour un corpus de l' argenterie et du bronze iraniens, VII: Un chandelier du XIVesiécle au musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon’, Bulletin des Musées et Monuments Lyonnais, IV, 1969, 213–24Google Scholar; Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook (Cleveland, 1958) no. 713Google Scholar; Melikian-Chirvani, A. S., Le Bronze iranien (Paris, 1973) 56–7 and 62–3Google Scholar.

4 Louis Massignon, Mission en Mesopotamie (1907–1908), II, Épigraphie et topographie historique, Mémoires de l'lnstitut Francais d' Archéologie Orientale du Caire, 31 (Cairo, 1912), 1–30; Nāir, al-Naqshbandl, ‘al-Madrasa al-Mirjaniyya’, Sumer, 2, 1946, 3354Google Scholar; Muṣtafā, Jawwād, ‘al-Madrasa al-Mirjaniyya’, Sumer, xiv; 1958, 2775Google Scholar; ‘Aṭa, al-Ḥarīthī, ‘ Khān Mirjān ’, Sumer, xxx, 1974, 163–9Google Scholar.

5 Répertoire chronologique d'épigraphie arabe (hereafter RCEA), ed. Combe, Et., Sauvaget, J., and Wiet, G. (Cairo, 1931 ff.) 6281–6 and 6329Google Scholar.

6 Munshī, Qāḍī Aḥmad b Mīr, Calligraphers and painters, ed. and tr. Minorsky, V., Freer Gallery of Art Occasional Papers, II (Washington, D.C., 1959), 61–2Google Scholar.

7 Ibid., n. 153 and Safadi, Y. H., Islamic calligraphy (Boulder, Colorado, 1978) 25Google Scholar.

8 Hunarfar, Luṭfallāh, Ganjīna-yi Āthār-i Tārīkhi-yi Iṣfahān, (2nd ed., Isfahan, 1350/1971), 875 and 116Google Scholar.

9 Calligraphers and painters, 61.

10 Huart, Clément, Les calligraphes et les miniaturistes de l'orient musulman (Paris, 1908), 88Google Scholar; Rucgard Ettinghausen in Survey of Persian art (hereafter SPA), ed. P. Ackerman and A. U. Pope (London and New York, 1939), p. 1954 and n. 1 (9).

11 Basic sources for Jalāyird history include al-Āharī, Abū Bakr al-Quṭbī, Tārīkh-i Shaykh 'Uways, ed. and tr. Loon, J. B. van (The Hague, 1954)Google Scholar and Ḥāfiẓ-i, Abrū, Dhayl-i Jāmi'-i Tavārīkh-i Rāṣhīdī, ed. Kh., Bayānī (2nd ed., Tehran, 1350/1971). Secondary sources include the entry in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., s.v. ‘Djalāyir’ by J. M. Smith, Jr.Google ScholarShīrīn, Bayānī, Tārīkh-i Āl-i Jalaāyir (Tehran, 1345/ 1966); Maurice Défremery, ‘Mémoire historique sur la destruction de la dynastie des Mozaffériens’Google ScholarJournal Asiatique, 4me Sér., v, 1845, 437–68; and Stephen Album, ‘Power and legitimacy: the coinage of Mubāriz al-Din Muḥammad b. al-Muẓaffar at Yard and Kirman’, Le Monde Iranien et l'Islam, II, 1974, 157–71.Google Scholar

12 Karang, 'Abd al-'Alī, Āthār-i Bāstāni-yi Adharbayjān, I (Tehran, 1351/ 1972), 624–32Google Scholar.

13 Cited in Bayānī, Jalāyir, 40.

14 Compare especially Victoria and Albert no. 101 in Melikian-Chirvani's catalogue of Islamic metalwork.

15 Bronze iranien, 57. Allan also gives the text and an English translation of this quatrain in the introduction to his catalogue of the Nuhad Es-Said Collection (p. 28).

16 The best description of Shīrāz in the fourteenth century is John Limbert's, ‘Shiraz in the age of Hafiz’ (Harvard University, 1974).

17 Bronze iranien, 57.

18 Cited in Bayānī, Jalāyir, 40.

19 ibid., p. 50 citing Ḥāfiẓ-i Abrū.

20 RCEA, 776 022.

21 Arberry, A. J., Robinson, Basil, et al., Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts and miniatures in the Chester Beatty Library (Dublin, 1960–2), I: 411Google Scholar; RCEA, 5314.

22 Sheila S. Blair, ‘Persian potters and patrons’, Art International (forthcoming).

23 Qāḍī Aḥmad, 60–22; Ettinghausen in SPA, p. 1954, n. 1 (2) and p. 939B.

24 Sheila S. Blair ‘The inscription from the Tomb Tower at Basṭām’, Art et societé dans lemonde iranien, ed. Ch. Adle (Paris, 1982): 283–4.

25 Huart, 90.

26 Grube, E. J., Persian painting in the fourteenth century, Istituto Orientale di Napoli, Supplement 17 to Annale, XXXVIII, 1978, Sictions II: The Inju Atelier of Shiraz, 15–6, and v: The Muzaffarid Atelier, 20–2Google Scholar; Gray, >Basil, Persian painting (Geneva, 1961), ch. iii ‘ Shiraz and the Iranian tradition in the fourteenth century’, 57–64Google Scholar

27 Petrushevsky, I. P., ‘The socio-economic condition of Iran under the Il-Khans’, Cambridge History of Iran, v, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, ed. Boyle, J. A. (Cambridge, 1968), 529Google Scholar.