^{page 439 note 1} Quoted by Marquart, Ērānšahr, pp. 226, 231.

^{page 439 note 2} Morgenstierne, V.Google Scholar, An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto, s.v. waryūmai.

^{page 439 note 3} Ērānšahr, p. 226; Burkhan-ud-Din-khan-i-Kushkeki, , Kattagan i Badakhshan, Tashkend, 1926, p. 134.Google Scholar

^{page 439 note 4} Loc. cit.

^{page 439 note 5} e.g. po'tūn “ thigh ” < Av. paitištdna-, zūr∂ng “ knee ”. Cf. also the treatment of ā in a local name, such as Izi'vūk = Prs. Zēbāk, with that in the word Ca'trāδ “ Chitral ”.

^{page 440 note 1} e.g. vrai “ brother ”. Mj. brūt “ moustache ” is a loanword, Yd. vrūt being adapted to the phonetical system of the dialect.

^{page 440 note 2} Yd. m^∂rєç “ mulberry ” is a recent loanword from Khowar. Khow. bronz “ meadow ”, Kalāsha brun(z-), Dameli brãs, Palola brhūnzv, Kati Prasunmunz all appear to be derived from *mronz < *(a)rz-.This looks like an Ir. word; but Prs. marz “ border, field with raised borders ” does not suit the meaning.

^{page 440 note 3} Generally r results in Mj.-Yd. ir, when influential by labials in ur, the r being exposed to assimilation with some types of following consonants.—Before groups of consonants: Yd. xird-: xrist “ to shave ”, Mj. xred-: xrest “ to scratch ” prob. <*xrint- : *xrista-, cf. Psht. xriy∂l; a derivation from would not account for the x.—Yd. trušnē “ thirsty ” and trišp(o) “ sour ” are difficult words, which present phonetical irregularities in several Ir. dialects.—Yd. p∂ške-drī “ dung of goats and sheep ” seems, however, to be derived from , cf. Sangl. dung of cows ”, Shgh. δīd “ dung ”, Wakhi (Zarubin) δart, Sarik. (Bel'ew) *δīg (written thig), Wershikwar (Zar.) delk (prob. borr. from Ir.).

^{page 440 note 4} One informant pronounced ‘brayiko, Bra'yayo, another ‘brāyiko, Bre'yāyo. The unstressed e may easily correspond to the stressed ā. LSI. gives Yd. breyiko.

^{page 441 note 1} As in Khow. dril “ inflated skin ” < *drir < dŗti-.

^{page 441 note 2} The original Kati name is Bi'lyõ, possibly connected with Kill. Balalik, the cname of a people inhabiting Chitral before the arrival of Khos and Kalashas. This people is called in Kati.

^{page 441 note 3} In Sangl. the country is often simply called Kō'stān “Kohistan”.—Šām probably originally denotes Upper Chitral, cf. Prasun Kafir Šim-g∂l, Sīmaī-gul “ Chitral ”, and Chinese Šang-mi (anc. ). The Sangl. name for the Kho tribe is ‘Kīε, cf. Yd. ‘Kūa, Chinese K'o-wei, and Elphinstone's Kobi “ the distinctive name of the people of Káshkár or Chitral” (v. Ērānšahr, p. 244).—The Kalashas call the Khos Pātu, a name which might phonetically be derived from *Pārt(h)ava-, and taken as referring to a Parthian group of invaders, to whom is possibly due the introduction of a certain number of middle Ir. words into Khowar. In a similar way the Gawar-Bati name of Chitral, Mongul, is said to refer to the Moghul descent of the present reigning family.—Among the Palola speaking Dangarīks of Southern Chitral the Khos are called Go'khā, a name related to Gok, the Bashkarik designation for the country of Chitral.

^{page 442 note 1} *-š-is phonetically possible, but not probable.

^{page 442 note 2} In myths and legends K∂mōr is used, cf. Pomoru = Munjān on the map in Robertson's The Káfirs of the Hindu-Kush ?

^{page 442 note 3} Cf. Mj. amir∂go “ apple ”, Psht. mana, etc. <–marn-.

^{page 442 note 4} Pras.–b- <–dv-; cf.–p- < –tv- in čpū “ 4 ”, Yīp∂ “ Kati, Ktivī ” < *Katvi- (?).

^{page 443 note 5} Op. cit., p. 320. [In 1924 Vavilov passed through the valley.]

^{page 444 note 1} Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan, p. 69.

^{page 444 note 2} Cf. Khow, Google Scholar. Birīr, Kal. Bīriu, loc. Bīri'līa, name of a village in Chitral.

^{page 445 note 1} Cf. “ Tiraj Mir or Sarowar ” : Raverty, , Notes on Afghanistan, p. 188Google Scholar ; Stein, , Serindia, i, p. 51.Google Scholar