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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
The recently edited fragments of the Sīra of Wahb b. Munabbih are probably the earliest extant document of sīra-literature. R. G. Khoury painstakingly performed the laborious task of deciphering the extremely difficult text of the papyrus, and has prepared a careful edition of it. There remain, however, some misreadings which may lead to an erroneous understanding of the text. These are corrected in the present paper.
1 Khoury, R. G., Wahb b. Munabbih: der Heidelberger Papyrus PSR Heid. Arub. 23, Wiesbaden, 1972, 118–81Google Scholar (‘Biographie und Maġāzī des Propheten Muḥammad’).
2 See al-Barr, Ibn 'Abd, al-Istī'āb, ed. al-Bijāwī, 'Ali Muḥammad, Cairo, n.d., II, 744–6, no. 1253Google Scholar; and see on him El, second ed., article ‘al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Ḳays al-Fihrī’ (A. Dietrich).
3 See Ullmann, M., Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache, 5. Lief., Wiesbaden, 1964, p. 278, II. 11–12, p. 279, II. 22–3, 27–8Google Scholar.
4 cf. Wahb, Ibn, Jāmi', ed. David-Weil, J., Cairo, 1939, I, 116–19, pp. 103–6Google Scholar; al-Ṭaḥāwī, , Mushkil al-āthār, ed. 'l-Najjār, Muḥammad Zuhri, Cairo, 1388/1968, IV, 329, 11. 12, 16Google Scholar; Rāshid, Ma'mar b., al-Jāmi', MS Feyzullah541, fols. 113b–114aGoogle Scholar; al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim, al-Ṭibb al-nabawī, ed. 'Ādil al-Azharī, Maḥmūd Faraj al-'Uqda, Cairo, 1377/1957, 136–46Google Scholar.
5 Le Muséon, LXXXIV, 3–4, 1971, p. 483, n. 33Google Scholar; and see al-Kāzarūnī, al-Muntaqā fī siyar al-nabī 'l-muṣṭafā, MS Br. Mus., Add. 18499, fols. 70b, 89a; al-Ṭabarsī, , I'lām al-warā, ed. 'Ali Akbar al-Ghaffāri, Tehran, 1379/1959, p. 73, 1. 3Google Scholar; Ibn Ḥamdūn, Tadhkira, MS Br. Mus., Or. 3180, fol. 79a (the name of the qā'if here is Ma'qil Ibn Abī Kadar al-Khuzā'ī); al-Dīn, 'Alī b. Burhān, al-Sīra al-ḥalabiyya, Cairo, 1351/1932, I, 130Google Scholar; Daḥlān, , Sīra (on margin of the Sīra ḥalabīyya) I, 329Google Scholar; al-Qummī, , Tafsīr, n.p., 1313/1895, p. 253Google Scholar; al-Dhahabī, , Ta'rīkh, Cairo, 1367/1947, II, 314Google Scholar; al-Zurqānī, , Sharḥ. al-mawāhib al-laduniyya, Cairo, 1325/1907, I, 330sup.Google Scholar
6 cf. the translation of Guillaume, A., The life, of Muḥammad, a translation of Ibn Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, London, 1955, 225Google Scholar.
May the place of the Banū Ka'b's woman bring them luck
For she was a look-out for the believers.
7 In text 
; compare PB 9 (38), 1. 10 where 
has to be read 
according to the metre of the verse.
8 Khoury, , op. cit., 181 313Google Scholar.
9 Ma'mar b. Rāshid, op. cit., fol. 156a; cf. Sa'd, Ibn, Ṭabaqāt, Beirut, 1377/1957, III, 176Google Scholar; al-Afghānī, Sa'īd, Ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī wa-risālatuhu fī 'l-mufāḍala bayna 'l-ṣahāba, Damascus, 1359/1940, 261Google Scholar; al-Bayhaqī, Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad, al-Maḥāsin wa 'l-masāwī, ed. Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad Abū 'l-Faḍl, Cairo, 1380/1961, I, 55Google Scholar; and see al-Ḥanafī, Yūsuf b. Mūsā, al-Mu'taṣar min al-mukhtaṣar, Hyderabad, 1362/1943, II, 354Google Scholar.
10 Ibn Abī Ḥātim, 'Ilal al-ḥadīth, MS Chester Beatty 3516, fols. 288b, 290a.
11 See Sulaymān b. Qays, al-Saqīfa, al-Najaf, n.d., 138.
12 Al-Yazīdī, , Amālī, Hyderabad, 1367/1948, 83Google Scholar.
13 'I-Hindi, Al-Muttaqī, Kanz al-'ummāl, Hyderabad, 1374/1954, v, 510, 1. 3Google Scholar.
14 Al-Shawkānī, , Nayl al-aṭwār, Cairo, 1380/1961, I, 302–3Google Scholar.
15 Hishām, Ibnal-Sīra al-nabawiyya, ed. 'l-Saqqā, Muṣṭafā, al-Abyārī, Ibrāhīm, Shalabī, 'Abd al-Ḥāfiẓ, Cairo, 1355/1936, IV, 272–4Google Scholar; cf. al-Kalā'ī, , al-lktifā' ed. al-Wāḥid, Muṣṭafā 'Abd, Cairo, 1389/1970, II, 421–4Google Scholar; and see 'l-Ḥadīd, Ibn Abī, Sharḥ nahj al-balāgha, ed. Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad Abū 'l-Faḍl, Cairo, 1964, VI, 319–20, 41 inf.Google Scholar
16 Sa'd, Ibn, op. cit., II, 131Google Scholar.
17 The record of al-Nās, Ibn Sayyid, 'Uyūn al-athar, Cairo, 1356/1937, II, 158Google Scholar, mentions that Mughīra b. Shu'ba urged Abū 'Ubayda to reject the leadership of 'Amr b. al-'Āṣ. According to this report, quoted on the authority of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, 'Amr was entrusted with the command of the Bedouin and Abū 'Ubayda with that of the Muhājirūn.
18 The disrespectful nickname of 'Amr b. al-'Āṣ; cf. Muzāḥim, Naṣr b., Waq'at Ṣiffīn, ed. Hārūn, 'Abd al-Salām, Cairo, 1382/1962, 508inf., 543Google Scholar; Ibn 'Asākir, Ta'rīkh Dimashq, MS Ẓāhiriyya, Tar. 23, VII, fol. 183a–b; al-Bayhaqī, , al-Maḥāsin wa 'l-masāwī, I, 148Google Scholar; al-Jawzī, Sibṭ Ibn, Tadhkirat al-khawāṣṣ, al-Najaf 1383/1964, 204–5Google Scholar.
19 'Abd al-Razzāq, al-Muṣannaf, MS Murad Molla 604, fol. 90a.
20 Kitāb al-maghāzī, ed. Jones, J. Marsden B., London, 1966, II, 769–74Google Scholar.
21 Al-Balādhurī, , Ansāb al-ashrāf, ed. Ḥamīdullah, Mḥammad, Cairo, 1959, I, 380–1, no. 810Google Scholar.
22 cf. Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b., al-Musnad, ed. Shākir, Aḥmad Muḥammad, Cairo, 1366/1947, I, 41, no. 42, and III, 151, no. 1968Google Scholar.
23 Khwārizm, Akhṭab, al-Manāqib, al-Najaf, 1385/1965, 129Google Scholar.
24 Al-Dhahabi, , Siyar a'lām al-nubalā', ed. Ṭalas, As'ad, Cairo, 1962, III, 44Google Scholar; 'Asākir, Ibn, op. cit., MS, VII, fol. 186a inf.Google Scholar
25 Al-Dhahabī, , Siyar a'lām, III, 45Google Scholar.
26 Mūḍiḥ awhām al-jam' wa 'l-tafrīq, Hyderabad 1379/1960, II, 99sup.Google Scholar
27 This report (with some variants) is recorded by al-Rāwandī, , al-Kharā'ij wa 'l-jarā'iḥ, n.p., 1301/1883, 14–15Google Scholar.
28 al-Kūfī, Furāt b. Ibrāhim, Tafsīr, al-Najaf, n.d., 221–2Google Scholar. A more detailed version of this report is given by al-Mufīd, al-Shaykh (al-Irshād, al-Najaf, 1382/1962, 86–8)Google Scholar: A Bedouin came to the Prophet and informed him that Bedouin in Wādī 'l-Raml were gathering troops in order to attack the Prophet. The Prophet cast lots among the people of the ṣuffa, chose 80 from among them, and sent them against the Banū Sulaym, who pitched their tents in the vicinity of the Ḥarra (i.e. Ḥarrat Banī Sulaym—K.); as leader the Prophet appointed Abū Bakr. This force was defeated by the Banū Sulaym and many Muslims were killed. The Prophet then sent 'Umar with a group of warriors and he too was defeated. 'Amr b. al-'Āṣ offered himself as commander and was accepted by the Prophet. He went out, but was defeated and a group of Muslims were killed in the attack of the Banū Sulaym. Then 'Ali was sent to replace them. During the advance of the force and when they encamped for the night, 'Amr b. al-'Āṣ agitated against 'Ali, plotting with Abū Bakr and 'Umar. The Muslims, however, refused to follow the agitators and remained loyal to 'Ali. In the morning 'Ali carried out the planned attack, and defeated the enemy. Sūra 100 was then revealed to the Prophet. A large and moving reception was arranged by the Prophet and the believers for 'Ali and his troops and warm words were uttered by the Prophet in praise of 'Ali. Compare al-Ḥillī's, Kashf al-yaqīn fī faḍā'il amīr al-mu'minīn, n.p., 1298/1880, 33–4Google Scholar; and see , al-Ḥasan b. Abī 'l-Ḥasan al-Daylamī, Irshād al-qulūb fī manāqib amīr al-mu'minīn, al-Najaf, 1342/1923, II, 71–3Google Scholar; and see al-Naqdī, Ja'far, al-Anwār al-'alawiyya, al-Najaf, 1382/1962, 205–6Google Scholar; cf. Laoust, H., ‘Le rôle de 'Ali dans la sīra chīite’, REI, XXX, l, 1962, 18Google Scholar.
29 Furāt, , op. cit., 226–9Google Scholar.
30 N.p., 1313/1895, 733–4; and see al-Qummi, 'Abbās, Muntahā al-āmāl, n.p., 1353/1934, I, 81Google Scholar.
31 Furāt, , op. cit., 222–6Google Scholar.
32 Biḥār al-anwār, Tehran, 1384/1964, XXI, 66–90Google Scholar; cf. ibid., XLI, 92–3, 66; and see Shahrāshūb, Ibn, Manāqib Āl Abi Ṭālib, al-Najaf, 1376/1956, II, 328–30Google Scholar; and see a legendary story about Dhāt al-Salāsil, ibid., 129. (The verse attributed to al-Ḥimyarī, al-Sayyid, Dīwān, ed. Shukr, Shākir Hādl, Beirut, n.d., 199Google Scholar, is copied from Shahrāshūb, Ibn, op. cit., II, 330.)Google Scholar
33 Compare al-Ṭabareī, , Majma' al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, Beirut, 1380/1961, XXX, 212Google Scholar.
34 Al-Najaf, 1368/1948 (cf. p. 168 f.…thumma' khtulifat baynahumā ḍarbatāni…fa-qāmamaqāmahu rajul yuqālu lahu…fa-nādā hal min mubārizin…); and see al-Majlisī, , op. cit., XXXVIII, 20–4Google Scholar (from Abū Mikhnaf's Waq'at al-jamal) and 24–6 (from Minqarī's, Waq'at Ṣiffīn), 82, 86–99Google Scholar.
35 Compare e.g. PB 5 (34), 1. 3: wa-kataba fī ākhiri 'l-kitābi in al-Minqarī, , op. cit., 368Google Scholar (wakataba fī ākhiri 'l-kitābi), 56, 72, 367, 411 (wa-kataba fī asfali 'l-kitābi); ';l-Ḥadīd, Ibn Abi. op. cit., X, 232–44, XVI, 186Google Scholar (wa-kataba fī asfali 'l-kitābi); al-Jawzi, Sibṭ Ibn, op. cit., 83, 84, 87Google Scholar.
36 Die legendäre Maghāzi Literatur, Tübingen, 1930, 206–8Google Scholar; and see an interesting specimen of a Shī'ī legendary report about the conquest of Khaybar, MS Br. Mus., Or. 3908, fols. 27b–32b.
37 Sellheim, R., ‘Prophet, Chalif und Geschichte’, Oriens, XVIII–XIX, 1967, esp. pp. 52–3Google Scholar.
38 Papyri Schott-Reinhardt, 1906, I, 8–9Google Scholar; it is repeated by Khoury, , op. cit., 313Google Scholar, who does not, however, mention Becker or Horovitz.
39 ‘Alter und Ursprung des Isnād’, Der Islam, VIII, 1917, 41–2Google Scholar; and see Horovitz, , ‘The earliest biographies of the Prophet and their authors’, Islamic Culture, I, 4, 1927, 559Google Scholar; Fück, J., Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. Literarische Untersuchunqen, Frankfurt am Main, 1925, 3Google Scholar.
40 Becker, C. H., op. cit., 8–9Google Scholar.
41 Hishām, Ibn, op. cit., II, 123Google Scholar f.
42 Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b., op. cit., V, 26, no. 3062Google Scholar; al-Haythamī, , Majma' al-zawā'id, Beirut, 1967, IX, 119–20Google Scholar.
43 Furāt, , op. cit., 125, 160Google Scholar.
44 Al-Nasā'ī, , Khaṣā'iṣ amīr al-mu'minīn, ed. 'l-Amīnī, Muḥammad Hādi, al-Najaf, , 1388/1969, 61–4Google Scholar (and see the references of the editor, p. 64, n. 3).
45 Al-Mustadrak, Hyderabad, 1342/1923, III, 132–4Google Scholar.
46 Kifāyat al-ṭālib fī manāqib 'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib, ed. 'l-Amīnī, Muḥammad Hadi, al-Najaf, , 1390/1970, 241–4Google Scholar (and see the references of the editor, p. 244, n. 809).
47 Al-zahr al-bāsim fī sīrat Abī 'l-Qāsim, MS Leiden, Or. 370, fols. 186b, 189b.
48 Manāqib, 73.
49 Tadhkirat al-khawāṣṣ, 34.
50 Biḥār al-anwār, XXXVIII, 242; XL, 50 inf.
51 Al-Zahr al-bāsim, fol. 189b (aqbala Abū Bakrin ḥattā sa'ala 'Aliyyan 'ani l-nabiyyi ṣallā 'llāhu 'alayhi wa-sallam, fa-qāla: in kānat laka bihi ḥājatun fa-'lqahu bi-ghāri thawrin).
52 cf. Ḥajar, Ibn, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, IV, 202, 11. 4–5Google Scholar.
53 On whom see Ḥajar, Ibn, op. oit., VII, 386, no. 626Google Scholar; al-Dhahabī, , Mīzān al-i'tidāl, ed. al-Bijāwī, 'Alī Muḥammad, Cairo, 1382/1963, III, 157, no. 5949Google Scholar.
54 On whom see Ḥajar, Ibn, op. cit., IX, 405–6, no. 658Google Scholar; al-Dhahabī, , op. cit., IV, 9, no. 8062Google Scholar.
55 On this isnād (silsilat al-kadhib) see Goldziher, , Muslim Studies, transl. Barber, C. R., Stern, S. M., II, London, 1971, p. 228, n. 2Google Scholar.
56 …wa-qāla li-ahlihi: in jā'a Abū Bakrin (r) fa-akhbirūhu annī fī 'l-ghāri min asfali Makkata….
57 Al-Fākihī, , Ta'rīkh Makka, MS Leiden, Or. 463, fol. 483aGoogle Scholar (and see other stories about the Hijra, ibid., fols. 483a–484a).
58 Ta'rīkh al-umam wa 'l-mulūk, Cairo, 1357/1939, II, 99inf.Google Scholar
59 It is noteworthy that here, as also in Mughulṭāy's compilation, the expression used by 'Ali is ‘if you need the Prophet’ (in kāna laka fīhi ḥājatun; see above, p. 566, n. 51).
60 Al-Ṭabari, , op. cit., II, 100inf.–101 sup.Google Scholar
61 It is significant that the report recorded by al-Fākihī, mentioned above, also begins with an expression of doubt and reservation: …fa-balaghanī, wa-'llāhu a'lamu, anna….
62 Kathīr, Ibn, al-Sīra al-nabawiyya, ed. al-Wāhid, Muṣṭafā 'Abd, Cairo, 1384/1964, II, 235inf.–236, I. 1Google Scholar.
63 cf. al-Jāḥiẓ, , al-'Uthmāniyya, ed. Hārūn, 'Abd al-Salām, Cairo, 1374/1955, 43–5Google Scholar (and the Shi'i answer, ibid., 321 f.); and see 'l-Ḥadīd, Ibn Abi, op. cit., XIII, 258–65, 303–6Google Scholar.
64 Quoted by al-Majlisī, , op. cit., XIX, 92–8Google Scholar.
65 Ṭarā'if 'Abd al-Maḥmūd, Tehran, n.d., 124.
66 cf. Mughulṭāy, op. cit., fol. 189b, 11. 6–7: wa-kāna Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī yaqūlu: yu'jibuhum an yattakhidhū (in text 
) al-faḍā'il min riwāyati Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, wa-hādhā min riwāyati Aḥmada.
67 cf. the arguments of Jamāl al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Ṭawūs about the role of 'Alī during the Hijra in comparison with the role of Bakr, Abū in his Binā' al-maqāla 'l-Fāṭimiyya fī naqḍ al-maqāla 'l-Uthmāniyya, MS Tehran, Ḥuqūq 70d, pp. 33–5Google Scholar.
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69 Mughulṭāy, op. cit., fols. 189b–190a.
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74 Biḥār, XIX, 74–5.
75 Al-Suhaylī, , op. cit., IV, 225Google Scholar; and see al-Jawzī, Ibn, al-Wafā, I, 239Google Scholar; Ḥajar, Ibn, al-Iṣāba, Cairo, 1325/1907, IV, 33, no. 4517Google Scholar (see the discussion about whether he embraced Islam).
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79 al-Din, 'Ali b. Burhān, op. cit., II, 38, ll. 21–5Google Scholar; cf. al-Suyūṭī, , al-Durr al-manthūr, III, 240, ll. 9–11Google Scholar.
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81 According to the correction 'alā 'l-ḥāli in PB 16 (45), 1. 10.
82 cf. al-Majlisi, , op. cit., XIX, 64, 116Google Scholar; al-Kulīnī, , al-Kāfī, ed. 'Alī Akbar al-Ghaffāri, Tehran, 1377/1957, VIII, 339–40Google Scholar. It may be remarked that the passage published by Khoury, (‘Un fragment astrologique inédit attribué à Wahb b. Munabbih’, Arabica, XIX, 1972, 144)Google Scholar can be traced in Majlisī's, Biḥār al-anwār, LVII, 346–7Google Scholar; it is quoted from Kitāb Dāniyāl and recorded on the authority of Ja'far al-Ṣādiq. It thus turns out to be also Shī'ite in character. The late Professor M. Plessner drew my attention to the fact that Furlani, G. published a part of this passage in ZA, XXXIII, 1921, 166Google Scholar (G. Furlani, ‘Eine Sammlung astrologischer Abhandlungen in arabischer Sprache’).
