Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T20:37:07.857Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Use of the Verb Dare in Blends between the Modal and Main Verb Constructions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

Patrick Duffley*
Affiliation:
Laval University

Extract

It is a well-known fact that the verb dare can be used with either modal or main verb characteristics both in its inflection and in its syntax. When used as a modal, it drops the -s ending in the third person singular present indicative (She dare not mention it in his presence), has no imperative, infinitive or participial forms, takes direct negation by not, AUX-inverts in questions (Dare I ask you another question?) and is followed by the bare infinitive. In main verb use, on the other hand, it has all the normal forms of the verb, occurs with do auxiliary in negatives and interrogatives, and is construed with the to infinitive (She doesn’t dare to mention it in his presence).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Behre, Frank 1955 Meditative-Polemic Should in Modern English That-Clauses . Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
Bolinger, Dwight 1974 Concept and Percept: Two Infinitive Constructions and their Vicissitudes. Pp. 6591 in World Papers in Phonetics: Festschrift for Dr. Onishi’s Kijer. Tokyo: Phonetic Society of Japan.Google Scholar
Duffley, Patrick 1992 The English Infinitive. London: Longman. [Forthcoming.]Google Scholar
Erades, P.A. 1950Will you help me (to) get these letters addressed?English Studies 31:123.Google Scholar
Erdmann, Peter 1982 Der grammatische Status von need (to), dare (to), ought (to) und used (to) . Pp. 95110 in Sprachen und Computer. Fix, H., Rothkegel, A. and Stegentritt, E., eds. Dudweiler: AQ-Verlag.Google Scholar
Francis, W. Nelson, and Kučera, Henry 1989 Manual of Information to Accompany the Standard Corpus of Present-Day Edited American English. Providence, RI: Department of Linguistics, Brown University.Google Scholar
Gee, James Paul 1975 Perception, Intentionality and Naked Infinitive. PhD thesis. Stanford University.Google Scholar
Jespersen, Otto 1931 A Modern English Grammar. Part IV. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Jespersen, Otto 1940 A Modern English Grammar. Part V. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey N., and Goodluck, Helen 1978 Manual of Information to Accompany the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English. Oslo: Department of English, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Mulder, G. 1937 The Infinitive after To dare . Neophilologus 22:2548.Google Scholar
Palmer, F.R. 1979 Modality and the English Modals. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Poutsma, Hendrik 1916 A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part II, Section 1, B. Groningen: Noordhoff.Google Scholar
Poutsma, Hendrik 1923 The Infinitive, the Gerund and the Participles of the English Verb. Groningen: Noordhoff.Google Scholar
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sidney, Leech, Geoffrey N., and Svartvik, Jan 1985 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Schibsbye, Knud 1969 A Modem English Grammar. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Swaen, A.E.H. 1895 To dare. Englische Studien 20:266292.Google Scholar
Swaen, A.E.H. 1897 Dare als Präteritum. Englische Studien 23:219220.Google Scholar
Visser, F.Th. 1969 An Historical Syntax of the English Language. Part III, 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Wood, Frederick T. 1962 Current English Usage. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Works Cited

Brontë, Charlotte 1848 Jane Eyre: An Autobiography. London: Smith, Elder and Co.Google Scholar
BUC 1964 A Standard Corpus of Present-Day Edited American English. Francis, W. Nelson, and Kučera, Henry, eds. Providence, RI: Department of Linguistics, Brown University.Google Scholar
Fleming, Joan 1970 No Bones About It. London: Fontana.Google Scholar
Herriot, James 1974 Vet in Harness. London: Pan.Google Scholar
Ignatieff, George 1985 The Making of a Peace Monger. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Pamela Hansford 1959 The Unspeakable Skipton. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Kingsley, Charles 1857 Two Years Ago. Vol. 1. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lawrence, David Herbert 1913 Sons and Lovers. Leipzig: Tauchnitz.Google Scholar
LOB 1978 Lancaster-Olso/Bergen Corpus of British English. Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey N. and Goodluck, Helen, eds. Oslo: Department of English, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Lessing, Doris 1950 The Grass is Singing. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Naughton, Bill 1975 Alfie Darling. Frogmore: Panther.Google Scholar
OED 1991 Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2nd ed..Google Scholar
O’Neill, Eugene 1919 The Plays of Eugene O’Neill. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Sands, Leslie 1975 Sam: Up in the World. Frogmore: Mayflower.Google Scholar
Stone, J.F. 1988 The Trial of Socrates. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.Google Scholar
Strathy Corpus of Canadian English Strathy Language Unit. Kingston: Department of English, Queen’s University.Google Scholar
Tolkien, J.R.R. 1968 The Lord of the Rings. London: Unwin.Google Scholar
Vonnegut, Kurt Jr., 1968 Harrison Bergeron. From Welcome to the Monkey House. New York: Delacorte Press.Google Scholar