Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T02:02:17.456Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Role of Public Consultation in Shaping the Canadian Broadcasting System*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2009

Marc Raboy
Affiliation:
University of Montreal

Abstract

Canadian broadcasting is characterized by a tradition of public debate over policy issues that takes place through a range of formal and less formal consultation mechanisms. In a study of the broadcasting policy review process of 1985–1991, the transparency of public debate was seen to be essential in giving access to social groups who would otherwise have little influence on the process.

Résumé

La radiodiffusion canadienne se distingue par une tradition de débat public à propos des enjeux politiques, qui se déYoule à travers une gamme de mécanismes formels et informels de consultation. Lors d'une étude du processus de révision de la politique fédérale de la radiodiffusion qui a eu lieu entre 1985 et 1991, il est apparu que la transparence du débat public fut un élément essentiel d'accès pour les groupes sociaux qui, en son absence, auraient eu peu d'influence sur ce processus.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Raboy, Marc, “The Role of the Public in Broadcasting Policymaking and Regulation: Lesson for Europe from Canada,” European Journal of Communication 9 (1994), 523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Raboy, Marc, Missed Opportunities: The Story of Canada's Broadcasting Policy (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

3 MacDonald, Flora, “The Development of Cultural Policy: Some Cautionary Notes,” paper presented at Queen's University, Kingston, April 13, 1989, 2223.Google Scholar

4 Brooks, Stephen, Public Policy in Canada: An Introduction (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1989), 16.Google Scholar

5 Unless otherwise noted, citations are from interviews conducted by the author in June-July 1990 and, in some cases, translated from the original French.

6 Jim Edwards, a member of parliament from Alberta, himself a former commercial broadcaster, resigned the committee chair in 1987 in order to support an appeal by one of his constituents, Allarcom Ltd., against the CRTC's decision to award an “all-news” cable television service to the CBC.

7 Meisel, John, “Near Hit: The Parturition of a Broadcasting Policy,” in Graham, Katherine A., ed., How Ottawa Spends: 1989/90 (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1989).Google Scholar

8 For a detailed and exhaustive commentary on the new Act, see Grant, Peter S., The Annotated 1991 Broadcasting Act (Vancouver: McCarthy Tétrault, 1991).Google Scholar

9 Full methodological details concerning our selection of issues and actors are available in Raboy, Marc, “Le rôle des acteurs dans l'élaboration de la politique canadienne de la radiodiffusion,” Communication/Information 11 (1990), 251271.Google Scholar

10 Canada, House of Commons, 2d session, 33d Parliament, 35–36–37 Elizabeth II, 1986–87–88, Bill C-136, first reading June 23,1988, art. 3.1 .p.

11 For example, Meisel, “Near Hit.”

12 Canada, Federal Cultural Policy Review Committee, Report (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1982).Google Scholar

13 For example, Canada, Department of Communications, Towards a New National Broadcasting Policy (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1983)Google Scholar; Department of Communications, Building for the Future: Towards a Distinctive CBC (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1983)Google Scholar; and Department of Communications, The National Film and Video Policy (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1984).Google Scholar

14 See, for example, Network Gets Budget Cut of $85 Million,” Toronto Star, November 9, 1984Google Scholar; Descôteaux, Bernard, “Marcel Masse: Radio-Canada prend trap de place dans le budget culturel,” Le Devoir (Montreal), December 20, 1984Google Scholar; and Desbarats, Peter, “Tories Put the Squeeze on the Message and the Media,” Financial Post (Toronto), December 29, 1984.Google Scholar

15 Canada, Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1986), 694695.Google Scholar

16 Ibid.

17 Canada, Communications Canada, Canadian Voices Canadian Choices: A New Broadcasting Policy for Canada (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1988), 24.Google Scholar

18 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 305.

19 Bill C-136, June 23,1988, art. 3.1.n.ii.

20 Revised Statutes of Canada (1970, c.B-11), Broadcasting Act (1967–68, c.25), art. 3.g.iii.

21 Bill C-136, third reading, September 28, 1988, art. 3.1.k.ii.

22 The final version of the Act reads: “The programming provided by the Corporation should:… reflect Canada and its regions to national and regional audiences, while serving the special needs of those regions” (Canada, Statutes, Broadcasting Act [38–39 Elizabeth II, 1991, chap. 11], art. 3.1.m.ii).

23 Raboy, Marc, “Lack of Bucks Riles Canucks: Public Broadcasting Taking the Heat in Canada,” Screen 32 (1991), 429434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

24 This is all the more impressive in view of the fact that our sample was limited to national actors, and that we deliberately excluded regional components of organizations such as ACTRA, or the CBC itself.

25 Canada, House of Commons, Standing Committee on Communications and Culture, Interim Report on the Recommendations of the Task Force on Broadcasting Policy: Specialty Programming Services and Some Proposed Legislative Amendments (Ottawa, April 1987), 4249.Google Scholar

26 Canada/Quebec, Federal-Provincial Committee on the Future of French-language Television, The Future of French-language Television (Ottawa: Department of Communications/Quebec: Ministère des Communications du Québec, 1985), 2.Google Scholar

27 Bill C-136, firstreading, June23,1988,art.3.1.b.

28 Raboy, Marc, “Canadian Broadcasting, Canadian Nationhood: Two Concepts, Two Solitudes and Great Expectations,” in Holmes, Helen and Taras, David, eds., Seeing Ourselves: Media Power and Policy in Canada (Toronto: HBJ-Holt Canada, 1992), 156173.Google Scholar

29 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 156.

30 The organization changed its name in the course of the constitutional reform debate, and is now known as the Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada.

31 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 253.

32 Canada, House of Commons, Standing Committee on Communications and Culture, A Broadcasting Policy for Canada (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1988), 128.Google Scholar

33 Bill C-136, third reading, September 28,1988, art. 3.1.k.iv.

34 Broadcasting Act, 1991, art. 3.1 .d.iv.

35 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 575.

36 Broadcasting Act, 1991, art. 3.1 .t.iv.

37 Canada, Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission, More Canadian Programming Choices (Ottawa: CRTC, 1987).Google Scholar

38 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 502.

39 Broadcasting Act, 1991, art.3.l.b.

40 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 139.

41 Canada, House of Commons, Standing Committee on Communications and Culture, Recommendations for a New Broadcasting Act: A Review of the Legislative Recommendations Made by the Task Force on Broadcasting Policy (Ottawa, May 1987), 38.Google Scholar

42 Communications Canada, Canadian Voices Canadian Choices, 46.

43 Bill C-136, first reading, June 23, 1988, art. 3.1.c.iii.

44 Bill C-136, third reading, September 28, 1988, art. 3.1.civ.

45 Broadcasting Act, 1991, art. 3.1 .d.iii.

46 Task Force on Broadcasting Policy, Report, 519.

47 Bill C-136, first reading, June 23, 1988, art. 3.1.c.iii.

48 Bill C-136, first reading, June 23, 1988, art. 3.1 .k.