Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T14:19:58.524Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conséquences psychologiques de la retraite en fonction du sexe et du niveau occupationnel antérieur*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Gaston-René de Grâce ,
Purushottam Joshi ,
René Pelletier  and
Claudine Beaupré
Gaston-René de Grâce
Affiliation:
Université Laval
Purushottam Joshi
Affiliation:
Université Laval
René Pelletier
Affiliation:
Université Laval
Claudine Beaupré
Affiliation:
Université Laval
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research, taking into account sex and previous occupational level, examines the influence of retirement on three dependent variables: loneliness, depression, and life satisfaction. One hundred and six men and women, aged 65 and receiving governmental pensions (Régie des rentes du Québec) completed on two occasions (with a one year interval) the Échelle de solitude de l'Université Laval, the Questionnaire de dépression de Beck and the Échelle de satisfaction de vie. The resulte indicate that there is no significant difference between Time 1 and Time 2 of evaluation on the three questionnaires (temporal view). However, from a cross-sectional perspective, newly retired men and professionals may be more lonely, less satisfied with their life and more depressed. The results are discussed in the light of Atchley's (1976b) model.

Résumé

Cette recherche évalue l'influence de la prise de la retraite compte tenu du sexe et du niveau occupationnel antérieur, sur la solitude, la dépression, et la satisfaction de vie. Cent six hommes et femmes, âgés de 65 ans et recevant des prestations de la Régie des rentes du Québec, répondent à deux reprises (à un an d'intervalle) à l'Échelle de solitude de l'Université Laval, au Questionnaire de dépression de Beck et à l'Échelle de satisfaction de vie. Les résultats ne révèlent aucune différence significative entre les deux moments d'évaluation aux trois questionnaires (perspective temporelle). Par contre, dans une perspective transversale, on constate que le passage du travail à la retraite peut induire chez les hommes et chez les professionnels des états de solitude, d'insatisfaction face à leur vie et de dépression. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière du modèle de Atchley (1976b).

Keywords

Retraitesolitudedépressionsatisfaction de vie.RetirementLonelinessDepressionLife Satisfaction.
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , Été/Summer 1994 , pp. 149 - 168
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Atchley, R.C. (1976a). Selected social and psychological differences between men and women in later life. Journal of Gerontology, 31, 204–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atchley, R.C. (1976b). Retirement. Burnside, Dans I.N. (Éd.), Nursing and the Aged. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.Google Scholar
Biais, M.R., Vallerand, R.J., Pelletier, L.G., & Brière, N.M. (1989). L'échelle de satisfaction de vie: Validation canadienne-française du «Satisfaction with Life Scale». Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 21(2), 210–223.Google Scholar
Bond, J.B. (1982). Volunteerism and life satisfaction among older adults. Canadian Counsellor, 16(3), 168–172.Google Scholar
Bossé, R., Aldwin, C.M., Levenson, M.R., & Ekerdt, D.J. (1987). Mental health differences among retirees and workers: findings from the Normative Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 2(4), 383–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavallaro, M.L. (1980). Correlates of perceived job deprivation and life satisfaction among retired women of different occupational groups. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41(4–B), 1480.Google Scholar
Conner, K.A., Dorfman, L.T., & Tompkins, J.B. (1985). Life satisfaction of retired professors: the contribution of work, health, income, and length of retirement. Educational Gerontology, 11, 337–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Grâce, G.-R., & Joshi, P. (1986). Estime de soi, solitude et dépression chez les chômeurs diplômés d'université selon la durée du chômage: une comparaison avec les non diplômés. Revue Canadienne de Santé Mentale Communautaire, 5(1), 99–109.Google Scholar
de Grâce, G.-R., Joshi, P., & Pelletier, R. (sous presse). L'Échelle de solitude de l'Université Laval (ESUL): Validation canadienne-française du «U.C.L.A. Loneliness Scale,» Revue Canadienne des Sciences du comportement.Google Scholar
Dillard, J. (1982). Life satisfaction of nearly retired and retired workers. Journal of Employment Counseling, 19(3), 131–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorfman, L.T. (1989). Retirement preparation and retirement satisfaction in the rural elderly. The Journal of Applied Gerontology, 8(4), 432–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorfman, L.T., Conner, K.A., Ward, W., & Tompkins, J.B. (1984). Reactions of professors to retirement: A comparison of retired faculty from three types of institutions. Research in Higher Education, 20(1), 89–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorfman, L.T., & Moffet, M.M. (1987). Retirement satisfaction in married and widowed rural women. The Gerontologist, 27(2), 215–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekerdt, D.J., Bossé, R., & Levkoff, S. (1985). An empirical test for phases of retirement: Findings from the Normative Aging Study. Journal of Gerontology, 40(1), 95–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farakhan, A., Lubin, B., & O'Connor, W.A. (1984). Life satisfaction and depression among retired Black persons. Psychological Reports, 55(2), 452–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fehrenbach, P.K. (1973). Personality as a factor in reported post-retirement anxiety among professionals. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34(2-B), 873.Google Scholar
Fox, J.H. (1977). Effects of retirement and former work life on women's adaptation in old age. Journal of Gerontology, 32(2), 196–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, E A., & Havighurst, R.J. (1954). The meaning of work and retirement. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
George, L.K., Fillenbaum, G.G., & Palmore, E. (1984). Sex differences in the antecedents and consequences of retirement. Journal of Gerontology, 39(3), 364–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heidbreder, E.M. (1972). Factors in retirement adjustment: White-collar/blue-collar experience. Industrial Gerontology, 12, 69–79.Google Scholar
Jaslow, P. (1976). Employment, retirement and morale among older women. Journal of Gerontology, 31(2), 212–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jewson, R.H. (1982). After retirement: An exploratory study of the professional woman. Szinovacz, Dans M. (Éd.), Women's Retirement (pp. 169–181). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Kratcoski, P.C., Huber, J.H., & Gavlak, R. (1974). Retirement satisfaction among emeritus professors. Industrial Gerontology, 1(1), 78–81.Google Scholar
Levy, S.M. (1980–81). The adjustment of the older woman: Effects of chronic ill health and attitudes toward retirement. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 12(2), 93–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, A.M. & Brown, K.H. (1987). Retirement as a critical life event. Research on Aging, 9(4), 548–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neugarten, B.L. (1974). Age groups in American society and the rise of the young-old. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 145, 187–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poitrenaud, J., Vallery-Masson, J., & Barreré, H. (1987). Effets de la retraite sur le bien-être psychologique et sur la santé: Étude comparative de trois catégories socio-professionnelles. Revue de Psychologie Appliquée, 2, 175–191.Google Scholar
Schonneid, D., & Hooper, A. (1973). Future commitments and successful aging. II. Special groups. Journal of Gerontology, 28(2), 197–201.Google Scholar
Seccombe, K., & Lee, G.R. (1986). Gender differences in retirement satisfaction and its antecedents. Research on Aging, 8(3), 426–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheppard, H.L. (1976). Work and retirement. Binstock, Dans R. H. et Shanas, E. (Éd.), Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences. New York: Van Nostrand Rein-hold.Google Scholar
Stokes, R.G., & Maddox, G.L. (1967). Some social factors on retirement adaptation. Journal of Gerontohgy, 22, 329–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Streib, G., & Schneider, C. (1971). Retirement in American Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Szinovacz, M. (1983). Beyond the heart: Older women and retirement. Markson, Dans E.W. (Éd.), Older Women. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Thompson, G.B. (1972). Adjustment in retirement: A causal interpretation of factors influencing the morale of retired men. Dissertation Abstracts International, 33(1–A), 402.Google Scholar
Thompson, G.B. (1973). Work vs leisure roles: An investigation of morale among employed and retired men. Journal of Gerontology, 28(3), 339–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, W.E., & Streib, G.F. (1969). Meaningful activity in a family context. Kleemeir, Dans R.W. (Éd.), Aging and Leisure (pp. 177–211). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vézina, J., Landreville, P., Bourque, P., & Blanchard, L. (1991). Questionnaire de dépression de Beck: Étude psychométrique auprès d'une population âgée francophone. La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 10(1), 29–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar