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Development and Psychopathology Development and Psychopathology

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Neurophysiological mechanisms of emotion regulation for subtypes of externalizing children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2007

JIM STIEBEN ,
MARC D. LEWIS ,
ISABELA GRANIC ,
PHILIP DAVID ZELAZO ,
SIDNEY SEGALOWITZ  and
DEBRA PEPLER
JIM STIEBEN
Affiliation:
York University
MARC D. LEWIS
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
ISABELA GRANIC
Affiliation:
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
PHILIP DAVID ZELAZO
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
SIDNEY SEGALOWITZ
Affiliation:
Brock University
DEBRA PEPLER
Affiliation:
York University
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Abstract

Children referred for externalizing behavior problems may not represent a homogeneous population. Our objective was to assess neural mechanisms of emotion regulation that might distinguish subtypes of externalizing children from each other and from their normal age mates. Children with pure externalizing (EXT) problems were compared with children comorbid for externalizing and internalizing (MIXED) problems and with age-matched controls. Only boys were included in the analysis because so few girls were referred for treatment. We used a go/no-go task with a negative emotion induction, and we examined dense-array EEG data together with behavioral measures of performance. We investigated two event-related potential (ERP) components tapping inhibitory control or self-monitoring—the inhibitory N2 and error-related negativity (ERN)—and we constructed source models estimating their cortical generators. The MIXED children's N2s increased in response to the emotion induction, resulting in greater amplitudes than EXT children in the following trial block. ERN amplitudes were greatest for control children and smallest for EXT children with MIXED children in between, but only prior to the emotion induction. These results were paralleled by behavioral differences in response time and performance monitoring. ERP activity was localized to cortical sources suggestive of the dorsal anterior cingulate for control children, posterior cingulate areas for the EXT children, and both posterior cingulate and ventral cingulate/prefrontal regions for the MIXED children. These findings highlight different mechanisms of self-regulation underlying externalizing subtypes and point toward distinct developmental pathways and treatment strategies.We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Grant 1 R21 MH67357-01 from the Developmental Psychopathology and Prevention Research branch of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), as well as support from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). We are also grateful for support provided (to P.D.Z.) by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , April 2007 , pp. 455 - 480
Copyright
© 2007 Cambridge University Press

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