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Social endophenotypes in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2020

Gabrielle M. Tiede Open the ORCID record for Gabrielle M. Tiede [Opens in a new window]  and
Katherine M. Walton
Gabrielle M. Tiede*
Affiliation:
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Katherine M. Walton
Affiliation:
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Gabrielle M. Tiede MA, The Ohio State University, 241 McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, Ohio43210-1257, USA. Email: Gabrielle.Tiede@osumc.edu
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Abstract

Endophenotypes are measurable markers of genetic vulnerability to current or future disorder. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is well-suited to be examined within an endophenotype framework given past and current emphases on the broader autism phenotype and early detection. We conducted a scoping review to identify potential socially-related endophenotypes of ASD. We focused on paradigms related to sociality (e.g., theory of mind (TOM), social attention), which comprise most of this literature. We integrated findings from traditional behavioral paradigms with brain-based measures (e.g., electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging). Broadly, infant research regarding social attention and responsivity (Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domain of affiliation) and attention to faces and voices (social communication) finds consistent abnormality in vulnerable infant siblings. Several additional paradigms that have shown differences in vulnerable infants and young children include animacy perception tasks (perception and understanding of others), measures of recognition and response to familiar faces (attachment), and joint attention and false-belief tasks (understanding mental states). Research areas such as alexithymia (the perception and understanding of self), empathic responding, and vocal prosody may hold interest; however, challenges in measurement across populations and age ranges is a limiting factor. Future work should address sex differences and age dependencies, specificity to ASD, and heterogeneous genetic pathways to disorder within samples individuals with ASD and relatives.

Keywords

autismearly detectionendophenotypes
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 4 , October 2021 , pp. 1381 - 1409
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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