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Early adverse stress and depression severity: A pilot exploration of mediating psychological mechanisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2023

Pablo Martínez Open the ORCID record for Pablo Martínez [Opens in a new window] ,
Sergio Gloger ,
Paula Dagnino  and
Dante Diez de Medina
Pablo Martínez
Affiliation:
Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne, 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, QC, Canada
Sergio Gloger
Affiliation:
Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental Campus Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Paula Dagnino*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
Dante Diez de Medina
Affiliation:
Psicomedica, Clinical & Research Group, Santiago, Chile
*
Corresponding author: Paula Dagnino; Email: paula.dagnino@uss.cl
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Abstract

Objective:

To explore the associations between early adverse stress, attachment insecurity in adulthood (anxious and avoidant), pathological personality styles (self-criticism and dependency), difficulties in emotion regulation, and depression severity.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study of 178 outpatients diagnosed with major depression in Santiago, Chile. Participants filled the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale, the Depressive Experience Questionnaire, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item. Full-information maximum likelihood path analyses with bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals were conducted.

Results:

Anxious attachment in adulthood and self-criticism mediated the association between early adverse stress and depression severity through their effects on difficulties in emotion regulation. Early adverse stress was not associated with avoidant attachment in adulthood and dependency; these variables were indirectly associated with depression severity. Difficulties in emotion regulation were exclusively directly related to depression severity, mediating the effects of the preceding variables.

Conclusions:

Our findings propose an integrative model for psychological mechanisms mediating between early adverse stress and depression. Difficulties in emotion regulation should be considered when treating adults with depression exposed to early adverse stress. The contribution of specific types of early adverse stressors and difficulties in emotion regulation should be further explored.

Keywords

adverse childhood experiencesdepressionemotional regulationpersonality development
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 10
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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