Dissociative disorders are among the most enigmatic and controversial psychiatric pathologies. In the last decades, great interest has emerged in understanding its pathophysiology, nonetheless, problems in recognition and management of these disorders are still challenging the psychiatric community.

We describe a paradigmatic case of a dissociative disorder illustrating the “choice” of dissociation as a strategy for coping with a traumatic reality.

Call attention to problems that interfere with the recognition, diagnosis and management of dissociative disorders.

Bibliographic research was conducted through the PubMed in the Medline library and clinical information was obtained through medical records and clinical interviews with the patient.

A 51-year-old Brazilian woman with no psychiatric history presented to the psychiatric outpatient care with apparent dissociative symptoms, these consisted of amnesia for episodes of agitation and aggressive behavior that occurred mainly at bed time. She had been previously on general practice and neurology consultations but none organic diagnose was made. Already in psychiatry, it was recognized that those symptoms developed together after a car accident and the beginning of a romantic relationship. It was also recognized that she has sexual dysfunction and a history of sexual abuse by a family member during her childhood, a known risk factor to dissociative disorders.

Skepticism and lack of understanding might be the reason for late psychiatric referral after the realization of various expensive and time-consuming medical exams. Improving the recognition of dissociative disorders will conduce not only to better clinical outcomes but also improve cost effectivity of medical interventions.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.