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Orbitofrontal morphology in people at high risk of developing schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

G. Chakirova ,
K.A. Welch ,
TWJ Moorhead ,
A.C. Stanfield ,
J. Hall ,
P. Skehel ,
V.J. Brown ,
E.C. Johnstone ,
DGC Owens  and
S.M. Lawrie
...Show all authors
G. Chakirova*
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
K.A. Welch
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
TWJ Moorhead
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
A.C. Stanfield
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
J. Hall
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
P. Skehel
Affiliation:
Center for Neuroscience Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
V.J. Brown
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of Saint Andrews, Saint Andrews, Scotland, UK
E.C. Johnstone
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
DGC Owens
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
S.M. Lawrie
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
A.M. McIntosh
Affiliation:
Imaging lab, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Kennedy Tower, EH10 5HF, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 0 131 537 6656; fax: +44 0 131 537 6531. E-mail address: G.Chakirova@sms.ed.ac.uk (G. Chakirova).
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Abstract

Background

Abnormalities of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) sulcogyral patterns have been reported in schizophrenia, but it is not known if these predate psychosis.

Methods

Hundred and forty-six subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia, 34 first episode of schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 36 healthy controls were scanned and clinically assessed. Utilising the classification system proposed by Chiavaras, we categorised OFC patterns and compared their distribution between the groups, as well as between those high risk subjects who did, and did not develop schizophrenia. The relationship between OFC pattern and schizotypy was explored in high risk subjects.

Results

We refined Chiavaras’ classification system, with the identification of a previously unreported variant of OFC surface structure. There were significant differences in distribution of OFC patterns between high risk subjects who did or did not develop schizophrenia as well as between the first episode of schizophrenia group and healthy controls. Within the high risk group, possession of OFC Type III was associated with higher ratings on the Structured Inventory for Schizotypy (SIS) psychotic factor.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that OFC Type III is associated with psychotic features before the development of schizophrenia. Characterisation of OFC morphology may have a role in the identification of those at greatest risk of developing schizophrenia.

Keywords

Orbitofrontal cortexSulcogyral patternSchizophreniaMagnetic resonance imagingEdinburgh high risk study
Type
Brain Anatomy and Imaging
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 25 , Issue 6 , October 2010 , pp. 366 - 372
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2010

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Footnotes

1

Joint first author.

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