Empirical research on defense mechanisms found a sound support for the relationship of these mechanisms to adaptation. Instruments exploring the defensive operations patients use to help themselves deal with emotional and difficult experiences might assist the psychiatrist in providing treatment.

This study examined the early change in Maladaptive Defense Style (MDS), the development of the Therapeutic Alliance, and the relationship between MDS and alliance, in a short psychodynamic intervention. Outpatients from a psychiatric clinic completed a four-session psychodynamic intervention (Gilliéron, 1989). Defenses were assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-88) developed by Bond et al (1983). Alliance was measured with the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (Luborsky 2000).

Patients who began the intervention with a poor alliance but ended with a good alliance significantly decreased their use of maladaptive defenses over the course of therapy. Results showed that at the end of the intervention, MDS and alliance were related across all patients, and particularly across patients who developed a good alliance.

Our results suggest that the DSQ is sensitive to acute MDS changes. As a self report instrument it is a practical tool for clinical evaluation. Change in MDS found after such a brief treatment suggests that the psychiatrist's support and exploration may diffuse the sense of threat induced by the crisis and reduce the patient's maladaptive defense activation. This might help develop a psychiatrist-patient working collaboration, fostering their agreement on a treatment plan and its implementation.