The quartz-syenite outcrop in the Las Anod District of the Somaliland Protectorate has been known for at least twenty-three years, but the true relationship between it and the overlying Cretaceous sediments has not been clearly resolved. Some geologists have said that the igneous rocks are overlain unconformably by the Cretaceous, whilst others have said that they intrude the Cretaceous. The present contribution brings forward field evidence to confirm the former view.

An early record of the occurrence of Megaphyton in the Limestone Coal Group in Fife has been investigated and the identification confirmed. The specimen is here described and figured as Megaphyton Chalmersi sp. nov.

The interpretation of Brachymetopus (Brachymetopus) M'Coy and B. (Brachymetopina) Reed in Europe has been contrary to the general interpretation in America. The relevant literature is critically reviewed and it is concluded that both usages have been at fault and neither is in accordance with the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. The type species of B. (Brachymetopus) is maccoyi Portlock, 1843, and the type species of B. (Brachymetopina) is ouralica de Verneuil, 1845; B. (Brachymetopina) is a subjective synonym of B. (Brachymetopus).

Many recent investigators report the presence of “ cross-folds ” in mountain chains. The common right angle relations between such folds and the main trends suggest that they are genetically allied. Following the original suggestion of Argand, it is proposed that the superficial cross-folds are due to basement control (passive segmentation), whereas those in the deeper parts of geosynclines have been brought into being by the limitations of space (active segmentation).

A new Yoredale goniatite locality in the shales above the Jew Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) at Temon, near Greenhead, Northumberland, has yielded a fauna including Girtyoceras cf. weetsense Moore; a lower P2 age (Bollandian) is indicated. The fauna and lithology of the goniatite-bearing shale is described and the lateral correlation of the Jew Limestone discussed. It is suggested that the base of the Jew (= Hardraw = Oxford) Limestone is the most satisfactory horizon for the P1–P2 boundary in the northern Pennines.

A new echinoid species, Eupholidocidaris belli, is described from the Upper Carboniferous of Texas.

Graptolites, found in Ordovician strata in a deep boring in northern Syria, are described as Diplograptus spinulosus Sudbury sp. nov.

Six species (one new) of holothurian sclerites, representing the genera Achistrum, Rhabdotites, and Etheridgella, from the Upper Bathonian of the Dorset coast are figured and described, and are the first of such organisms to be recorded from the Great Oolite of England.

Miocene foraminifera from the Surat-Broach and Kathiawar regions of Western India are recorded. The suggested correlation of Miocene beds of Western India, and the stratigraphical distribution of foraminifera common to W. India, Ceylon, Indonesia, and the Middle East is indicated in 2 Tables.

Biotile is recognized as the dominant mineral of the arborescent, plumose, and scopulitic growths found in the Arran pitchstones. The chemical composition of the pitchstone group of glasses is briefly discussed in terms of the experimental data on the hydrous granite system.

In the suborder Ammonitina the form of the septa and sutures is strongly influenced by whorl-shape and is often highly variable within the species and even the inidvidual. Claims that septa and sutures are specially significant because they are “internal characters” are refuted, as are also claims for overriding priority in classification for particular parts of the sutures, or for details of their early pntogenetic stages, or for the inner surfaces of the septa. Interpretation of the form of the septa and sutures as primarily conditioned by external water pressure is challenged. A recent revision of two superfamilies on the basis of septal form is held to involve unnatural groupings.

Two graptolites with associated grooving in the sediment are recorded; these structures are thought to be caused by the thecae grooving the sediment during movement of the graptolite by a flow of overlying mud.

A study of Cheung Chau Island has revealed a close adjustment between the form of the island and the geological structure. The island is made up of dominant granite cut by granite-porphyry and dolerite dykes, which are affected by later faulting. A theory of progressive emergence is put forward for the denudation chronology of the area and the various forms related to the former submergence have been mapped. The relation of coastal and inland forms to structure is considered, and the evolution of the coast is outlined.

Accessory structures on the brachial loops of certain brachiopods are considered to be initiated as supplementary calcification, and when persisting to the adult stage, to become part of the loop.