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Italian Modernism, Social and Religious

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

William Frederic Badè
William Frederic Badè
Affiliation:
Pacific Theological Seminary
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Extract

During the past year a prolonged stay in Italy gave me occasion to visit most of the larger cities between Naples and the Alps, and supplied the opportunity of personal contact with many of the men who are now at the helm of Italian social, religious, and philosophical movements, while at the same time I was able to obtain first-hand acquaintance with the thoughts and desires of the Italian laborer. I soon became aware of the variety, intensity, and complexity of the issues which are now agitating Italian public life. It is true that Latin blood warms more rapidly, and reaches a higher temperature in controversy, than that of the Anglo-Saxon. But no superficial grievances are those over which conflict now rages; both in politics and in religion the contending parties feel that the joust of the tournament-field has become a battle for existence.

Type
Research Article
Information
Harvard Theological Review , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , April 1911 , pp. 147 - 174
Copyright
Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 1911

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References

1 It is but just to state that this charge was met by a denial from the Vatican, —with small effect, however, in allaying public feeling.

2 L. Villari, Italian Life in Town and Country, 1905.

3 For a description see Renato Fucini, Napoli a occhio nudo. A brief translated extract is given in Arthur H. Norway, Naples, p. 140.

4 Roberto Michels, “Der italienische Sozialismus auf dem Lande,” in Das freie Wort, 1902.

5 Loria, Achille, Problemi sociali contemporanei, Milan, 1895Google Scholar.

6 Süddeutsche Monatshefte, June, 1908. Cf. also Nos. 25 and 27 of Das zwanzigste Jahrhundert, 1908, on the Italian seminaries.

7 In his “Autobiographical Notes of a Modernist,” The New Age, June 2, 1910.

8 Pio X: Suoi atti ed intendimenti, 1905.

9 Prezzolini, Il cattolicismo rosso, p. 31, “Le Biblioteche non contengono che i rest i di quelle non incamerate dallo Stato, e in ogni caso non vi si trova nulla che passi il 1800, e anche quello e tenuto sotto chiave.”

10 Rivista di Culture, October 16, 1906, p. 118; Studii religiosi, vol. i, p. 288.

11 Prezzolini, op. cit. p. 15.

12 Cf. Michels, Roberto, Proletariate e borghesia, pp. 219 ffGoogle Scholar.

13 Prezzolini, , op. cit. p. 58Google Scholar.

14 Il secolo che nasce, p. 11.

15 L' Avvenire d' Italia, March 20, 1905.

16 Lettere di un prete modernista, Rome, 1908, p. 60Google Scholar.

17 Perchè siamo cristiani e socialisti: a cura dei socialisti cristiani di Roma, Rome, 1908Google Scholar.

18 “Il cattolicismo romano muore, e ciò che vive è il cattqlicismo umano.”

19 Difficoltà antiche e nuove degli studi religiosi in Italia. Translation by Jordan, L. H., in The Study of Religion in the Italian Universities, 1909Google Scholar.

20 Op. cit. p. 121.

21 Reinach, Solomon, Orpheus, p. 572Google Scholar.

22 The Roman pontificate has condemned freemasonry since 1738; in the following year membership in the order was made punishable with death. In 1884 Leo XIII renewed the condemnation of freemasonry with particular solemnity and severity.

23 The Italian public press is now discussing the interpenetration of socialisna and masonry, with anticlericalism as the common bond. Cf. Sempre Avanti, July 15, 1910; “La massoneria nel socialismo,” La Voce, no. 33, 1910.

24 Ep. viii, 5; cf. Purgatorio, xvi. 109, 127 ff.

25 Rivista di studi religiosi. 7 vols., Florence, 1901–1907Google Scholar.

26 The New Age, June 2, 1910.

27 Che cos' è la Bibbia?

28 “La Bibbia modernista,” in La Voce, April 21, 1910Google Scholar.

29 Rivista storico-critica delle scienze teologiche, Rome, 1905Google Scholar.

30 Cf. Prezzolini, , op. cit. p. 74Google Scholar.

31 Modernism (Jowett Lectures), London, 1908Google Scholar; also an article with the same title in the Contemporary Review, March, 1908.

32 Cf. Bollettino della biblioteca filosofica, no. 2, January, 1909.

33 Censimento, vol. iv, p. 330. Papini groups together those who refuse to declare themselves adherents of any religion and those who claim to be “without religion.”

34 “Religione e socialismo,” in L'Idea Moderna, April, 1910Google Scholar.

35 Coenobium, 1909, no. 1, p. 150.