^∗ For further documentation and elucidation of this topic, consult my overall study, The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and Admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900–1970 (Westport, Connecticut, 1979).

1 The core of this article is based upon my dissertation: “A Social History of Admissions Policies At Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900–1930” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1974). See Pierson, George W., The Education of American Leaders, Comparative Contributions of U.S. Colleges and Universities, Praeger Special Studies in U.S. Economic and Social Development (New York, 1969), pp. xix–xxi, 240–51.Google Scholar

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10 Lawrence Lowell, A. to Hocking, William E., May 19, 1922, Papers of A. Lawrence Lowell (hereinafter cited as ALLP), #1056 Jews, HUA.Google Scholar

11 Statistics on the Percentage of Jews in various Departments of the University, 1921–22, ALLP, −1056 Jews, ; Reports of the President and the Treasurer of Harvard College, 1911–12 (hereinafter cited as Harvard President's Report, with date), “Appleton Chapel and Phillips Brooks House,” p. 172; Merritt, A.K. to Corwin, Robert N., April 11, 1922, copy, Records of the President, JRA, Box 84, file Problem, Jewish, Etc. For religious affiliations of Yale College students from the 1870s to the early 1900s, see Appendices D (1) and (2) “Church Members In Academic Classes 1873–1904” and “Religious Composition of Yale University Jan. 1, 1901” (Two Centuries of Christian Activity at Yale , edited by Reynolds, James B., Fisher, Samuel H., Wright, Henry B., Committee of Publication (New York, 1901)); also “Yale College 1912 Statistical Blanks,” filled out by seniors for History of the Class of 1912, Yale College, vol. 1, YUA. For Princeton, see the following in the Princeton University Archives (hereinafter cited as PUA): College of New Jersey, President's Entrance-Book, 1 (1871–1893), and Matriculation Book, 2 (1893–1903); “Reports of the Dean of the Faculty to the Committee on Morals and Discipline of the Board of Trustees,” Minutes of the Trustees, 9 (Dec. 1898–Mar. 1901), and 10 (June 1901–Jan. 1908); Radcliffe Heermance, Office of the Supervisor [in 1925, Dean] of Freshmen, “Preliminary Analysis of Freshmen Class,” in September, 1921–29, Trustees' Papers; Annual Report of the President of Princeton University for the year ending December 31st, 1909–1923 (hereafter cited as Princeton President's Report, with date); and The Nassau Herald, Class of Nineteen Hundred and Twenty-Three (Princeton, 1923).Google Scholar

12 Robert N. Corwin, Chairman, Board of Admissions, to James R. Angell, Jan. 3, 1933, enclosing table, dated Oct. 19, 1932, “showing our Jewish population for the last ten years,” Records of the President, JRA, Box 2 and file Board of Admissions; Preliminary Analysis of Freshman Class,” in September, 1921–29, Trustees' Papers, and The Freshman Herald, 1930–49. See also Dean's Office to Lowell, President, Oct. 25 and Nov. 9, 1925, six tables dated either Nov. 23 or 24, 1925, and Lowell, to James, Henry, Nov. 3 and 6, 1925, ALLP, #184 Jews—Limitation of Numbers; and [Dean Clarence W. Mendell], report “Harvard,” stamped “Dec. 8–1926 Rec'd,” Records of the President, JRA, box Mar Mendell, Clarence W., file Clarence Mendell, W., YUA.Google Scholar

13 Harvard President's Reports, 1900–40; Pierson, George Wilson, Yale: College and University 1871–1937, vol. 2: Yale: The University College 1921–1937 (New Haven, 1955), pp. 669–71; and Princeton President's Reports, 1900–40 .Google Scholar

14 Amory, Cleveland, The Proper Bostonians (New York, 1947), ch. 13 “Harvard and Its Clubs,” pp. 291–310; and McLachlan, James, American Boarding Schools: A Historical Study (New York, 1970), in general; and Havemeyer, Loomis, “Go To Your Room”: A Story of Undergraduate Societies and Fraternities at Yale (New Haven, 1960).Google Scholar

15 “Memorandum on the Problems Arising from the Increase in the Enrollment of Students of Jewish Birth in the University,” May 12, 1922, Records of the President, JRA, Box 84, J.-JOH, file Jewish Problem Etc.; Jones, Frederick S. to Corwin, R.N., May 6, 1922, Records of the Dean, FSJ, Box 5, file Jews.Google Scholar

16 “Memorandum on the Problems Arising … Increase … Enrollment of Students of Jewish Birth…. ” May 12, 1922, see n. 15; Hurlbut, B. S. to Warren, Joseph, Oct. 16, 1907, Eliot, Charles W. Papers (hereinafter cited as CWEP), Box 221, file Hurlbut, Byron Satterlee, HUA.Google Scholar

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