1. On the lack of unity among latter day radicals, see: Larmour, Peter J., The French Radical Party in the 1930's (Stanford, 1964). For a general history of the radicals: Nordmann, Jean-Thomas, Histoire des radicaux (Paris, 1974), and the same author's documentary history: La France Radicale (Paris, 1977).Google Scholar

2. Auspitz, , pp. 170–175.Google Scholar

3. Zeldin, Theodore, France, 1848–1945, Vol. 1: Ambition, Love, and Politics (Oxford, 1973), pp. 683–724. Elwitt, Sanford, The Making of the Third Republic: Class and Politics in France, 1868–1884 (Baton Rouge, 1975).Google Scholar

4. Auspitz, , p. 32.Google Scholar

5. On the cercles and cafés, see: Agulhon, Maurice, Le Cercle dans la France bourgeoise, 1810–1848: étude d'une mutation de sociabilité. Cahiers des Annales 36. (Paris, 1977).Google Scholar

6. Auspitz, , p. 166.Google Scholar

7. Hoffmann, Stanley, “Paradoxes of the French Political Community,” in: Hoffmann, et al., In Search of France (Cambridge, Mass., 1963).Google Scholar

8. Crozier, Michel, The Bureaucratic Phenomenon (Chicago, 1964); and La Societe bloquée (Paris, 1970).Google Scholar

9. Marceau, Jane, Class and Status in France: Economic Change and Social Immobility, 1945–1975 (Oxford, 1977).Google Scholar

10. Bourdieu, Pierre and Passeron, Jean-Claude, La Réproduction: éléments pour une théorie du système d'enseignement (Paris, 1970).Google Scholar

11. For a general history of the Ecole Libre: Rain, Pierre, Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques, 1871–1945 (Paris, 1963). Also: Osborne, Thomas, “Sciences Po and the Concours: the Recruitment of the Bureaucratic Elite in the Early Third Republic,” Third Republic/Troisième Republique, No. 2 (Fall 1976):156–181.Google Scholar

12. Luc, Jean-Noel and Barbé, Alain, Des Normaliens: Histoire de l'Ecole normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud Paris, 1982).Google Scholar

13. Bourdieu, and Passeron, , Les Héritiers: les étudiants et la culture (Paris, 1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar