Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-09T13:03:44.472Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sitios y Lenguas: Chicanas Theorize Feminisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2020

Aída Hurtado
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Chicana feminist writers have written eloquently about the condition of women in their communities. Many of them have aligned themselves with and participated in various political movements. This practice has infused their theorizing with various influences which makes them similar to other feminist theorists but also different. This paper provides an overview of how Chicana feminist writings address the ethnic specific ways in which gender oppression is imposed on them and their proposals for liberation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Hypatia , Volume 13 , Issue 2: Special Issue: Border Crossings: Multiculturalism and Postcolonial Challenges, Part 1 , Spring 1998 , pp. 134 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alarcón, Norma. 1989. Traductora, traidora: A paradigmatic figure of Chicana feminism. Cultural Critique 13(Fall): 57–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alarcón, Norma. 1990a. Chicana's feminism: In the tracks of the “the” native woman. Cultural Studies 4(3): 248–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alarcón, Norma. 1990b. The theoretical subject(s) of “This bridge called my back” and Anglo‐American feminism. In Making face, Making soul/Hatiendo caras/Creative and critical perspectives by women of Color. See Anzaldua 1990.Google Scholar
Alarcón, Norma. 1996. Conjugating subjects in the age of multiculturaiism. In Mapping mukicukuralism, ed. Gordon, Avery F. and Newfield, Christopher. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Alarcón, Norma, Castro, Rafaela, Pérez, Emma, Pesquera, Beatríz, Sosa Riddell, Adaljiza, and Zavella, Patricia, eds. 1993. Chicana critical issues. Berkeley: Third Woman Press.Google Scholar
Almaguer, Tomds 1971. Toward the study of Chicano colonialism. Aztldn: Chicano Journal of the Social Sciences and Arts 2(2): 7–21.Google Scholar
Almaguer, Tomds 1991. Chicano men: A cartography of homosexual identity and behavior. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 3(2): 75–100.Google Scholar
Almaguer, Tomds 1994. Racial fault lines: The historical origins of white supremacy in California. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Anzaldua, Gloria 1981. La prieta. In This bridge called my back: Writings by radical women of color. See Moraga and Anzaldua 1981.Google Scholar
Anzaldua, Gloria 1987. Borderlands/la Frontera: The new mestiza. San Francisco: Spinsters/Aunt Lute.Google Scholar
Anzaldua, Gloria, ed. 1990. Making face, making soul/Haciendo caras/Creative and critical perspectives by women of Color. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books.Google Scholar
Arce, Carlos H., Murgufa, Edward, and Frisbie, W. Parker. 1987. Phenotype and life chances among Chicanos. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9: 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baca, Judith 1990. World wall: A vision of the future without fear. Frontiers 14(2): 81–5.Google Scholar
Baca, Judith 1993. Uprising of the mujeres. In Chicana critical issues. See Alarcón et al. 1993.Google Scholar
Baca Zinn, Maxine. 1975. Political familism: Toward sex role equality in Chicano families. Aztlán 6(1): 13–26.Google Scholar
Brown, Wendy 1992. Finding the man in the state. Feminist Studies 18(1): 7–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broyles, Yolanda Julia 1986. Women in El Teatro Campesino: ¿Apoco estaba molacha la virgen de Guadalupe? In Chicana Voices: Intersections of Class, Race and Gender, ed. Romo, Ricardo. Austin: Center for Mexican‐American Studies, University of Texas.Google Scholar
Broyles, Yolanda Julia. 1989. Toward a re‐vision of Chicano theater history: The women of El Teatro Campesino. In Making a spectacle: Feminist essays on contemporary women's theater, ed. Hart, Linda. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Broyles, Yolanda Julia. 1994. El Teatro Campesino: Theater in the Chicano movement. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Cantú, Norma Elia. 1995. Canícula: Snapshots of a girlhood en lafrontera. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Pres.Google Scholar
Castaneda, Antonia I. 1990. The political economy of nineteenth‐century stereotypes of californianas. In Between borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana history. See Del Castillo 1990.Google Scholar
Castillo, Ana 1992. The Mixquiahuala letters. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Castillo, Ana 1995. Massacre of the dreamers. New York: Plume Book.Google Scholar
Castillo, Ana, ed. 1996. Goddess of the Americas/La Diosa de las Americas: Writings on the virgin of Guadalupe. New York: Riverhead Books.Google Scholar
Cervantes, Lorna Dee. 1981. Emplumada. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Chabram‐Dernersesian, Angie. 1996. The Spanish colón‐ialista narrative: Their prospectus for us in 1992. In Mapping Multiculturalism, eds. Gordon, Avery F. and Newfield, Christopher. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Chavez, Linda 1991. Out of the barrio: Toward a new politics of Hispanic assimilation. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Cisneros, Sandra 1991. Woman hollering creek and other stories. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Cisneros, Sandra 1994. Loose woman. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1991. Black feminist thought/Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Córdova, Teresa. 1994. The emergent writings of twenty years of Chicana feminist struggles: Roots and resistance. In The handbook of Hispanic cultures in the United States, ed. Padilla, Felix. Houston: Arte Publico Press.Google Scholar
Cotera, Marta 1977. Chicana feminism. Austin, Texas: Information Systems Development.Google Scholar
Cuadraz, Gloria Holgufn. 1997. Chicana/o generations and the Horatio Alger myth. Thought and Action: NEA Journal of Higher Education, 13(1): 103–120.Google Scholar
Cuadraz, Gloria Holgufn, and Pierce, Jennifer. 1994. From scholarship girls to scholarship women: Surviving the contradictions of class and race in academe. Explorations in Ethnic Studies 17(1): 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Angela, and Martfnez, Elizabeth. 1994. Coalition building among people of color. Inscriptions 7: 42–53.Google Scholar
De la Torre, Adela, and Pesquera, Beatriz M., eds. 1993. Building with our hands: New directions in Chicana studies. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Del Castillo, Adelaida, ed. 1990. Between borders: Essays on Mexkana/Chicana history. Encino, CA: Floricanto Press.Google Scholar
Espín, Oliva M. 1984. Cultural and historical influences on sexuality in Hispanic/Latin women. In Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality, ed. Vance, Carol S.London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Fernández, R. 1994. Abriendo‐caminos in the brotherland: Chicana writers respond to the ideology of literary nationalism. Frontiers–A Journal of Women's Studies 14(2): 23–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fine, Michelle 1997. Witnessing whiteness. In Off white: Readings on race, power, and society, eds. Fine, Michelle, Weis, Lois, Powell, Linda C., and Wong, Mun. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Forbes, Jack 1968. Race and color in Mexican‐American problems. Journal of Human Relations 16(1): 55–68.Google Scholar
Frankenberg, Ruth 1993. White women, race matters: The social construction of whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fregoso, Rosa Linda. 1993. The mother motif in La Bamba and Boulevard Nights. In Building with our hands: New directions in Chicana studies. See De la Torre and Pesquera 1993.Google Scholar
Garcia, Alma 1989. The development of Chicana feminist discourse, 1970‐1980. Gender and Society 3(2): 217–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, Alma, ed. 1997. Chicana feminist thought. The basic historical writings. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Garcia, Chris F. 1973. Political socialization of Chicano children: A comparative study with Anglos in California schools. New York: Praeger Press.Google Scholar
Gaspar de Alba, Alicia. 1998. The politics of location of the tenth muse of America: An interview with Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. In Living Chicana theory. See Trujillo 1998.Google Scholar
González, Jennifer A., and Habell‐Pallan, Michelle. 1994. Heterotopias and shared methods of resistance: Navigating social spaces and spaces of identity. Inscriptions 7: 80–104.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, Maria R. 1990. El embrin nacionalista visto a través de la obra de Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz. In Between borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana history. See Del Castillo 1990.Google Scholar
Gomez, Alma, Moraga, Cherrie, and Romo‐Carmona, Mariana, eds. 1983. Cuentos: Stories by Latinos. New York: Kitchen Table Women of Color Press.Google Scholar
Guerin‐Gonzalez, Camille. 1994. Mexican workers and American dreams: Immigration, repatriation, and Califomiafarm labor, 1900‐1930. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, Ramon A. 1993. Community, patriarchy and individualism: The politics of Chicano history and the dream of equality. American Quarterly 45(1): 44–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, Hayden 1983. Frida: A biography of Frida Kahlo. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Hurtado, Aída. 1989. reflections on white feminism: A perspective from a woman of Color. In Social and gender boundaries in the United States, ed. Chan, Sucheng. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar
Hurtado, Aída. 1996a. The color of privilege: Three blasphemies on race and feminism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Hurtado, Aída. 1996b. Strategic suspensions: Feminists of Color theorize the production of knowledge. In Knowledge, difference, and power: Essays inspired by women's ways of knowing, ed. Rule Goldberger, Nancy, Mattuck Tarule, Jill, Clinchy, Blythe McVicker, and Belenky, Mary Field. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Hurtado, Aída. 1998a. The Trickster's play: Whiteness in the subordination and liberation process. In Theorizing race and ethnicity, eds. Torres, Rodolfo D. and Miron, Louis F.Oxford, and Cambridge, MA, UK: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Hurtado, Aída. 1998b. The politics of sexuality in the gender subordination of Chicanas. In Living Chkana theory. See Trujillo 1998.Google Scholar
Klahn, Norma 1994. Writing the border: The languages and limits of representation. Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 3(1‐2): 29–55.Google Scholar
Lamphere, Louise, Zavella, Patricia, González, Felipe, with Evan, Peter B. 1993. Sunbelt working mothers: Reconciling family and factory. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Limén, José E. 1990. La Llorona, the third legend of greater Mexico: Cultural symbols, women, and the political unconscious. In Between borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana history. See Del Castillo 1990.Google Scholar
López, David, and Espiritu, Yen. 1990. Panethnicity in the United States: A theoretical framework. Ethnic and Racial Studies 13(2): 198–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lugones, Marfa C. 1990. Playfulness, “world”‐travelling and loving perception. In Making face, making soul/Hacienda euros/Creative and critical perspectives by women of Color. See Anzaldua 1990.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Catherine A. 1982. Feminism, Marxism, mediod, and the state: An agenda for theory. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7(31): 515–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martinez, Elizabeth 1989. That old (white) male magic. Z Magazine 27(8): 48–52.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Peggy 1992. White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies. In Race, class, and gender ed. Andersen, Margaret L. and Collins, Patricia Hill. Belmont: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Médez‐Negrete, Josephine. 1995. “… Es lo que haces!”: A sociohistorical analysis of relational leadership in a Chicano/Latino community. Ph.D. diss., Sociology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz .Google Scholar
Mora, Magdalena, and Del Castillo, Adelaida R. 1980. Mexican women in the United States: Struggles past and present. Los Angeles: Chicano Studies Research Center, University of California.Google Scholar
Mora, Pat 1993. Nepantla: Essays from the land in the middle. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Mora, Pat 1996. Coatlicue's rules: Advice from an Aztec goddess. In Goddess of the Americas/ La Diosa de las Americas: Writings on the virgin of Guadalupe. See Castillo 1996.Google Scholar
Mora, Pat 1997. House of houses. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Moraga, Cherríe. 1983. Loving in the war years: Lo que nunca pas6 por sus labios. Boston: South End Press.Google Scholar
Moraga, Cherríe, and Anzaldúa, Gloria, eds. 1981. This bridge called my back: Writings by radical women of color. Watertown, MA: Persephone Press.Google Scholar
Neumaier, Diane 1990. Judy Baca: Our people are the internal exiles, (from an interview with the Chicana muralist Judy Baca). In Making face, making soul/Hadendo ccras/Creative and critical perspectives fry women of Color. See Anzaldúa 1990.Google Scholar
Nieto, Consuelo 1974. The Chicana and the women's rights movement: A perspective. Civil Rights Digest 6(3): 3642.Google Scholar
Nieto‐Gómez, Anna. 1974. La feminista. Encuentro Femenil 1(2): 34–37.Google Scholar
Ochoa, Marfa, and Teaiwa, Teresia, eds. 1994. Enunciating our terms: Women of Color in collaboration and conflict. Inscriptions 7: 1–155.Google Scholar
Ostrander, Susan 1984. Women of the upper class. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Padilla, Felix M. 1985. Latino ethnic consciousness: The case of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans in Chicago. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Pardo, Mary 1990. Mexican American women grassroots community activists: Mothers of East Los Angeles. Frontiers 21(1): 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardo, Mary 1991. Creating community: Mexican American women in Eastside Los Angeles. Aztlán 20(1‐2): 39–71.Google Scholar
Paz, Octavio 1985. The labyrinth of solitude. Trans, by Kemp, Lysander, Milos, Yara, and Belash, Rachel Phillips. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Pérez, Emma. 1991. Sexuality and discourse: Notes from a Chicana survivor. In Chicana lesbians: The girls our mothers warned us about. See Trujillo 1991.Google Scholar
Pérez, Emma. 1993. Speaking from the margin: Uninvited discourse on sexuality and power. In Building with our hands: New directions in Chicana studies. See De la Torre and Pesquera 1993.Google Scholar
Pérez, Emma. 1996. Gulf dreams. Berkeley: Third Woman Press.Google Scholar
Pérez, Emma. 1998. Irigaray's female symbolic in the making of Chicana lesbian sitios y lenguas (sites and discourses). In Living Chicana theory. See Trujillo 1998.Google Scholar
Pesquera, Beatriz M. 1991. “Work gave me a lot of confianza”: Chicanas' work commitment and work identity. Aztlán 20(1‐2): 97–118.Google Scholar
Pesquera, Beatriz M. 1997. In the beginning he wouldn't lift even a spoon. In Situated lives, eds. Lamphere, Louise, Ragone, Helena, and Zavella, Patricia. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pesquera, Beatriz M., and Segura, Denise A. 1993. “There is no going back”: Chicanas and feminism. In Chicana critical issues. See Alarcón et al. 1993.Google Scholar
Quintana, Alvina E. 1989. Challenge and counter‐challenge: Chicana literary motifs. In Social and gender boundaries in the United States, ed. Chan, Sucheng. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar
Quintana, Alvina E. 1996. Home girls: Chicana literary voices. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Romero, Mary 1992. Maid in the U.S.A. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ruiz, Vicki L. 1987. Cannery women, cannery lives: Mexican Women, unionization, and the California food processing industry, 1980‐1950. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Ruiz, Vicki L. 1998. From out of the shadows/Mexican women in twentieth‐century America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Saldívar‐Hull, Sonia. 1991. Feminism on the border: From gender politics to geopolitics. In Criticism in the borderlands: Studies in Chicano literature, culture, and ideology, eds. Calderdn, Hector and Saldivar, Jose' David. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Elba 1992. Tallos de luna/Moon shoots. Santa Cruz, CA: Moving Parts Press.Google Scholar
Sandoval, Chela 1990. The struggle within: A report on the 1981 N.W.S.A. conference. In Making Face, Making Soul/Haciendo Caras/Creative and critical perspectives by women of Color. See Anzaldua 1990.Google Scholar
Sandoval, Chela 1990. 1991. U.S. third world feminism: The theory and method of oppositional consciousness in the postmodern world. Genders 10(Spring): 1–24.Google Scholar
Sandoval, Chela. 1998. Mestisaje as method: Feminists‐of‐color challenge the canon. In Living Chiama theory. See Trujillo 1998.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1990. Domination and the arts of resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Segura, Denise A. 1994. Inside the work worlds of Chicana and Mexican immigrant women. In Women of color in U. S. society, eds. Zinn, Maxine Baca and Dill, Bonnie Thornton. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Segura, Denise A. 1997. Chicanas in white collar jobs. “You have to prove yourself more.” In Situated lives, ed. Lamphere, Louise, Ragone, Helena, and Zavella, Patricia. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Segura, Denise A., and Pesquera, Beatríz. 1992. Beyond indifference and antipathy: The Chicana movement and Chicana feminist discourse. Aztán: A journal of Chicano Studies 19(2): 69–93.Google Scholar
Segura, Denise A., and Pierce, Jennifer L. 1993. Chicana/o family structure and gender personality: Chodorow, familism, and psychoanalytic sociology revisited. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 19(1): 62–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sifuentes, Alma, and Hester Williams, Kim D. 1994. Private parts: Battling barriers, forging friendships. Inscriptions 7:105–22.Google Scholar
Sosa Ridell, Adaljiza. 1993. The bioethics of reproductive technologies: Impacts and implications for Latinas. In Chicana critical issues. See Alarcón et al. 1993.Google Scholar
Steinem, Gloria 1983. Outrageous acts and everyday rebellions. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Sternbach, Nancy Saporta, Navarro‐Aranguren, Marysa, Chuchryk, Patricia, and Alvarez, Sonia E. 1992. Feminisms in Latin America: From Bogotá to San Bernardo. Signs: journal of Women in Culture and Society 17(2): 393–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturgis, Susanna J. 1988. Class/Act: Beginning a translation from privilege. In Out the other side: Contemporary lesbian writing, eds. McEwan, Christian and O'Sullivan, Sue. London: Virago.Google Scholar
Telles, Edward E., and Murguía, Edward. 1990. Phenotypic discrimination and income differences among Mexican Americans. Social Science Quarterly 71(4): 682–93.Google Scholar
Telles, Edward E., and Murguía, Edward. 1992. The Continuing significance of phenotype Social Science Quarterly 73(1): 120–22.Google Scholar
Trujillo, Carla, ed. 1991. Chicana lesbians: The girls our mothers wamedus about. Berkeley, CA: Third Woman Press.Google Scholar
Trujillo, Carla 1997. Sexual identity and the discontents of difference. In Ethnic and cultural diversity among lesbians and gay men, ed. Greene, Beverly. Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Trujillo, Carla 1998. Living Chicana theory. Berkeley: Third Woman Press.Google Scholar
Vásquez, Melba J., and Gonzalez, Anna M. 1981. Sex roles among Chicanos: Stereotypes, challenges, and changes. In Explorations in Chicano psychobgy, ed. Baron, Augustine Jr. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Viramontes, Helena María. 1985. The Moths and other stories. Houston: Arte Publico Press.Google Scholar
Yarbro‐Bejarano, Yvonne. 1985. Chicanas' experience in collective theater: Ideology and form. Women and Performance 2(2): 45–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yarbro‐Bejarano, Yvonne. 1986. The female subject in Chicano Theater: Sexuality, “race,” and class. Theater Journal 38(1): 389–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yarbro‐Bejarano, Yvonne. 1991. De‐constructing the lesbian body: Cherrfe Moraga's Loving in the war years. In Chicana lesbians: The girls our mothers warned us about. See Trujillo 1991.Google Scholar
Yarbro‐Bejarano, Yvonne. 1994. Gloria Anzaldua's “Borderlands/La frontera”: Cultural studies, “difference,” and the non‐unitary subject. Cultural Critique 28(Fall): 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zavella, Patricia 1987. Women's work and Chicano families: Cannery workers of the Santa Clara Valley. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Zavella, Patricia 1994. Reflections on diversity among Chicanas. In Race, eds. Gregory, Steven and Sanjek, Roger. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Zavella, Patricia 1997a. Constructing identity with “Chicana” informants. In Situated lives: Gender and culture in everyday life, eds. Lamphere, Louise, Ragone, Helena, and Zavella, Patricia. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Zavella, Patricia 1997b. “Playing with fire”: The gendered construction of Chicano/Mexican sexuality. In The gender/sexuality reader: Culture, history, political economy, eds. Lancaster, Roger N. and Di Leonardo, Micaela. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar