Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T05:07:08.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Intelligence's likelihood and evolutionary time frame

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2011

Marc Bogonovich
Affiliation:
Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Jordan Hall room 142, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA e-mail: mbogonov@indiana.edu

Abstract

This paper outlines hypotheses relevant to the evolution of intelligent life and encephalization in the Phanerozoic. If general principles are inferable from patterns of Earth life, implications could be drawn for astrobiology. Many of the outlined hypotheses, relevant data, and associated evolutionary and ecological theory are not frequently cited in astrobiological journals. Thus opportunity exists to evaluate reviewed hypotheses with an astrobiological perspective. A quantitative method is presented for testing one of the reviewed hypotheses (hypothesis i; the diffusion hypothesis). Questions are presented throughout, which illustrate that the question of intelligent life's likelihood can be expressed as multiple, broadly ranging, more tractable questions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aiello, L.C. & Wheeler, P. (1995). The expensive-tissue hypothesis. The brain and digestive system in human and primate evolution. Curr. Anthropol. 36(2), 199221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, N.C., Flaum, M., Swayze, V. II, O'Leary, D.S., Alliger, R., Cohen, G., Ehrhardt, J. & Yuh, W.T. (1993). Intelligence and brain structure in normal individuals. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 130134.Google ScholarPubMed
António, M.R.S. & Schulze-Makuch, D. (2010). The power of social structure: how we became an intelligent lineage. Int. J. Astrobiol. 10(1), 1523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrickman, N.L., Bastian, M.L., Isler, K. & van Schaik, C.P. (2008). Life history costs and benefits of encephalization: a comparative test using data from long-term studies of primates in the wild. J. Hum. Evol. 54, 568590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, B. (1983). The anthropic principle and its implications for biological evolution. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 310, 347355.Google Scholar
Changizi, M.A. (2003). Relationship between number of muscles, behavioral repertoire size, and encephalization in mammals. J. Theor. Biol. 220, 157168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charnov, E.L. & Berrigan, D. (1993). Why do female primates have such long lifespans and so few babies? Or life in the slow lane. Evol. Anthropol. 1(6), 191194.Google Scholar
Chela-Flores, J. (2007). Testing the universality of biology: a review. Int. J. Astrobiol. 6(3), 241248.Google Scholar
Chyba, C.F. & Hand, K.P. (2005). Astrobiology: the study of the living universe. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 43, 3174.Google Scholar
Conway-Morris, S. (1998). The Crucible of Creation. The Burgess Shale and the Rise of the Animals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Conway-Morris, S. (2003). The navigation of biological hyperspace. Int. J. Astrobiol. 2(2), 149152.Google Scholar
Conway-Morris, S. (2010). Evolution: like any other science it is predictable. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 365, 133145.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. & Krebs, J.R. (1979). Arms races between and within species. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 205, 489511.Google Scholar
De Miguel, C. & Henneberg, M. (2001). Variation in hominid brain size: how much is due to method? Homo 52(1), 358.Google Scholar
Deaner, R.O., van Schaik, C.P. & Johnson, V.E. (2006). Do some taxa have better domain-general cognition than others? A meta-analysis. Evol. Psychology 4, 149196.Google Scholar
Diamond, J.M. (1997). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Norton, New York.Google Scholar
Dickens, W.J. (2005). Genetic differences and school readiness. Future Children 15, 5569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drake, F. (2003). Is Intelligence a Biological Imperative?: Part IV. http:/www.astrobio.net/news/article640.html.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R.I.M. (1998). The social brain hypothesis. Evol. Anthropol. 6(5), 178190.Google Scholar
Farris, S.M. & Roberts, N.S. (2005). Coevolution of generalist feeding ecologies and gyrencephalic mushroom bodies in insects. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102(48), 17 39417 399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finarelli, J.A. & Flynn, J.J. (2007). The evolution of encephalization in caniform carnivorans. Evolution 61(7), 17581772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiorito, G. & Scotto, P. (1992). Observational learning in Octopus vulgaris. Science 256, 545547.Google Scholar
Fiorito, G., von Planta, C. & Scotto, P. (1990). Problem solving ability of Octopus vulgaris Lamarck (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Behav. Neural Biol. 53, 217230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, S.J. (1981). The Mismeasure of Man. Norton, New York.Google Scholar
Gould, S.J. (1989). Wonderful Life. The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. Norton, New York.Google Scholar
Hartline, D.K. & Colman, D. (2007). Rapid conduction and the evolution of giant axons and myelinated fibers. Curr. Biol. 17, R29R35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haqq-Misra, J.D. (2007), The power of our myth. Astrobiology 7, 712713.Google Scholar
Isler, K. & van Schaik, C.P. (2009). The expensive brain: a framework for explaining evolutionary changes in brain size. J. Hum. Evol. 57, 392400.Google Scholar
Jerison, H.J. (1955). Brain to body ratios and the evolution of intelligence. Science 121, 447449.Google Scholar
Jerison, H.J. (1973), Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Academic Press, New York, New York.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H., Hill, K., Lancaster, J. & Hurtado, A.M. (2000). The evolution of intelligence and the human life history. Evol. Anthropol. 9(4), 156184.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoll, A.H. & Niklas, K.J. (1987). Adaptation, plant evolution, and the fossil record. Rev. Palaeobotany Palynology 50, 127149.Google Scholar
Lee, J.J. (2007). A g beyond Homo sapiens? Some hints and suggestions. Intelligence 35, 253265.Google Scholar
Lineweaver, C.H. (2008). Human-like intelligence is not a convergent feature of evolution. In From Fossils to Astrobiology, ed. Seckbach, J. & Walsh, M., pp. 353368. Springer, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Mank, J.E., Promislow, D.E.L. & Avise, J.C. (2005). Phylogenetic perspectives in the evolution of parental care in ray-finned fishes. Evolution 59(7), 15701578.Google ScholarPubMed
Marcot, J.D. & McShea, D.W. (2007). Increasing hierarchical complexity throughout the history of life: phylogenetic tests of trend mechanisms. Paleobiology 33, 182200.Google Scholar
Marino, L., McShea, D.W. & Uhen, M.D. (2004). Origin and evolution of large brains in toothed whales. Anat. Rec. A 281, 12471255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mather, J.A. (1991). Navigation by spatial memory and use of visual landmarks in octopuses. J. Comp. Physiol. 168, 491497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mather, J.A. (2008). Cephalopods consciousness: behavioural evidence. Conscious. Cogn. 17, 3748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKay, C.P. (1996). Time for intelligence on other planets. In Circumstellar Habitable Zones, Proceedings of The First International Conference, ed. Doyle, L.R., pp. 405419, Travis House Publications, Menlo Park.Google Scholar
McShea, D.W. (1994). Mechanisms of large-scale evolutionary trends. Evolution 48, 17471763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McShea, D.W. (2005). The evolution of complexity without natural selection, a possible large-scale trend of the fourth kind. Paleobiology 31, 146156.Google Scholar
McShea, D.W. & Brandon, R.N. (2010). Biology's First Law: The Tendency for Diversity and Complexity to Increase in Evolutionary Systems. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Mery, F. & Kawecki, T.J. (2002). Experimental evolution of learning ability in fruit flies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99(22), 14 27414 279.Google Scholar
Milton, K. (1981). Distribution patterns of tropical plant foods as an evolutionary stimulus to primate mental development. Am. Anthropol. 83, 534548.Google Scholar
Nixon, M. & Young, J.Z. (2003). The Brains and Lives of Cephalopods. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Packard, A. (1972). Cephalopods and fish: the limits of convergence. Biol. Rev. 47, 241307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, S.E. & Foote, M. (2001). Biodiversity in the Phanerozoic: a reinterpretation. Paleobiology 27(4), 583601.Google Scholar
Pigliucci, M. (2008). Is evolvability evolvable? Nature Reviews Genetics 9(1), 7582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinker, S. (2010). The cognitive niche: coevolution of intelligence, sociality, and language. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 89938999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radinsky, L. (1978). Evolution of brain size in carnivores and ungulates. Am. Nat. 112, 815831.Google Scholar
Reader, S.M. & Laland, K.N. (2002). Social intelligence, innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 44364441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, G. & Dicke, U. (2005). Evolution of the brain and intelligence. Trends Cogn. Sci. 9(5), 250257.Google Scholar
Russell, D.A. (1983). Exponential evolution: implications for intelligent extraterrestrial life. Adv. Space Res. 3(9), 95103.Google Scholar
Russell, D.A. (1995). Biodiversity and time scales for the evolution of extraterrestrial intelligence. In Progress in the Search for Extraterrestrial Life. ASP Conference Series, San Francisco, Vol. 74, ed Seth Shostak, G., pp. 143151.Google Scholar
Russell, D.A. (2009). Islands in the Cosmos: The Evolution of Life on Land. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.Google Scholar
Sagan, C. (1977). The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Sternberg, R.J. (2002). The search for criteria: why study the evolution of intelligence. In The Evolution of Intelligence, ed. Sternberg, R.J. & Kaufman, J.C., pp. 17. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Mahwah, NJ.Google Scholar
Simpson, G.G. (1964). The nonprevalence of humanoids. Science 143, 769775.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sol, D., Bacher, S., Reader, S.M. & Lefebvre, L. (2008). Brain size predicts the success of mammal species introduced into novel environments. Am. Nat. 172, s63s71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Via, S. (2001). Are we alone? Lessons from the evolution of life on Earth. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 950, 225240.Google Scholar
Ward, P.D. & Brownlee, D. (2000). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe. Copernicus, New York.Google Scholar
Watson, A.J. (2008). Implications of an anthropic model of evolution for emergence of complex life and intelligence. Astrobiology 8, 175185.Google Scholar
Wilson, E.O. (1975). Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Yaeger, L.S. (2009). How evolution guides complexity. Special issue on guided self-organization. HFSP J. 3(5), 328339.Google Scholar
Yopak, K.E., Lisney, T.J., Collin, S.P. & Montgomery, J.C. (2007). Variation in brain organization and cerebellar foliation in chondrichthyans: sharks and holocephalans. Brain Behav. Evol. 69, 280300.Google Scholar