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Dielectric sensitivity of different antennas types for microwave-based head imaging: numerical study and experimental verification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 July 2020

Jan Tesarik Open the ORCID record for Jan Tesarik [Opens in a new window] ,
Tomas Pokorny Open the ORCID record for Tomas Pokorny [Opens in a new window]  and
Jan Vrba Jr Open the ORCID record for Jan Vrba Jr [Opens in a new window]
Jan Tesarik*
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Tomas Pokorny
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Jan Vrba Jr
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
*
Author for correspondence: Jan Tesarik, E-mail: jan.tesarik@fbmi.cvut.cz
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Abstract

The design of proper antenna element (AE) for microwave-based head imaging or brain stroke detection is a crucial challenge in the development process of microwave imaging (MWI) systems. The main purpose of this paper was to design, fabricate, and experimentally verify the compact and dimensions-reduced H-slot antenna suitable for the new generation of multichannel MWI system for brain stroke detection. The slot antenna type was chosen based on the numerical study of three AEs available in the literature, i.e. bow tie, slot, and waveguide-based. The study was focused on the sensitivity of the antennae (change of magnitude and phase of S21) due to dielectric parameters change or type and diameter of inclusion in a head phantom representing a hemorrhagic (HEM) or ischemic (ISCH) stroke phantom, respectively. Further, the analysis of antenna radiation to lossy medium/air and its immunity against plane wave exposure was carried out. The H-slot antenna was fabricated and experimentally verified (measurements of reflection as well as transmission coefficients) using a liquid head phantom with inserted HEM stroke phantom (both prepared as a mixture of propylene glycol, water, and salt). The phantoms were filled inside the designed two-port test system. Numerical models were validated by comparing calculated and measured S-parameters. The sensitivity of the H-slot antenna to the presence of the HEM stroke phenomenon within the phantom of the head was also demonstrated. The main advantage of the proposed H-slot antenna is its small dimensions, easy, inexpensive, and repeatable fabrication as well as mechanical stability.

Keywords

Antenna elementsdielectric parametersmicrowave imagingstroke
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 12 , Special Issue 10: EuMCE 2019 Special Issue (Part II) , December 2020 , pp. 982 - 995
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2020

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