Governments — Change of government — Effects — Change of government effected by unlawful or questionable means — New regime not recognized by neighbouring State — Control of State assets in foreign banks — Assets located in State not recognizing new regime — Panama — Ownership of Panamanian assets in United States

Recognition — Governments — Effect of recognition and non-recognition — Effects in law of recognizing State — Whether unrecognized government has standing to intervene in case — Dispute between recognized and unrecognized governments over ownership of State assets abroad

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Conclusiveness of recognition of foreign government by Executive — Act of State and non-justiciability — Political question doctrine — The law of the United States