States as international persons — Succession of governments — In general — Overthrow of government — Proclamation of interim government — Powers of interim government — Whether including power to deprive persons of their nationality — The law of Ghana

The individual in international law — Nationality — Loss of nationality — Plaintiffs acquiring nationality under 1967 decree — Decree of 1969 purporting retrospectively to amend 1967 decree — Whether plaintiffs deprived of their citizenship — Powers of revolutionary government — Interim nature of regime — Doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty — The law of Ghana

The individual in international law — Nationality — Expatriation — Whether United States national who subsequently became naturalized British subject had manifested a specific subjective intent to renounce his United States citizenship — Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 — The law of the United States

The individual in international law — Nationality — Double nationality — Whether possible for a Canadian citizen to be a national of another State — Acquisition of nationality — Whether possible for a person to acquire Canadian citizenship without renouncing his previous nationality — Requirement of renunciation of previous nationality at the time of acquisition of Canadian citizenship — Whether Executive empowered to impose such requirement — The law of Canada

International law in general — Relations to municipal law — The law of the European Economic Community — Direct effect in territory of Member States — Individual rights — Enforcement in national courts — The law of England — The law of the European Communities

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — Direct effect in municipal law — Individual rights — Enforcement in national courts — The law of England — The law of the European Communities

Treaties — Interpretation — Treaty establishing the European Economic Community — Fundamental principle of freedom of movement — Derogation — National public policy — Scope of national authorities’ competence — Treaty Article 48 — The law of England — The law of the European Communities

Disputes — Other international courts — Procedure — Court of Justice of the European Communities

The individual in international law — Nationality — Nationality — of married women — Foreigner marrying German national — Difference in treatment of men and women by the national legislature — The law of Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Aliens — Admission — Restrictions imposed on grounds of public policy — Free movement of workers within the European Economic Community — Conditions under which Member State having power to refuse entry to national of another Member State — Refusal to be based upon personal conduct of national concerned — Whether membership of organization alleged to be harmful but not illegal amounts to personal conduct for these purposes — Margin of discretion left to each Member State — Whether Article 48 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community and secondary legislation thereunder directly applicable in municipal law — The law of England — The law of the European Economic Community

The individual in international law — Extradition — In general — Quantum of evidence necessary for allowing extradition — Test of evidence sufficient to put fugitive on trial — Decision of the extradition judge on the weight of the evidence — Whether and when reviewable — Limits of the review — The law of Canada

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Jurisdiction of courts to try offences taking effect abroad — The law of Ghana

The individual in international law — Extradition — Extradition of nationals — Whether nationals can be extradited — Whether any uniform international practice on the question of extradition of nationals — The practice of Ghana — Conditions of extradition — Extraditable crimes — Rule of dual criminality — The standard of proof in extradition matters — Proper test — Whether “strong or probable presumption of guilt” necessary for order of surrender — Jurisdiction of the requesting State to try the offence — How determined — Jurisdiction of courts to try offence taking effect abroad — The law of Ghana

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — German — Swiss Extradition Agreement — Principle of speciality — Whether conditions of extradition and terms of Agreement are enforceable in the German courts — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Principle of speciality — German-Swiss Extradition Agreement — Plaintiff extradited to Federal Republic of Germany and detained pending trial — Warrant of arrest issued against him in respect of civil proceedings — Whether an infringement of the principle of speciality — Whether conditions of extradition and terms of Agreement enforceable in German courts — Whether issue of warrant wrongful — Whether warrant could be enforced — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Extradition — Extradition of nationals — German national extradited from Switzerland on temporary basis — Whether Federal Republic of Germany under an obligation to return him to Switzerland — No express agreement to do so — Whether tacit agreement — Whether return would infringe constitutional prohibition on the extradition of nationals — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — German-Swiss Extradition Agreement — Surrender of German national by Switzerland on temporary basis — Whether Federal Republic of Germany obliged to return him to Switzerland — No express agreement to do so — Whether tacit agreement — Whether return would infringe constitutional prohibition on the extradition of nationals — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Double criminality — Mode of satisfaction — Requirement of a prima facie case against the fugitive — Necessity of prima facie evidence of jurisdiction of the requesting State — The law of Canada

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Extraditable crimes — Principle of speciality applied in the courts of the requesting State — The law of England

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Extradition treaty — Interpretation in municipal courts Relation to municipal statute on extradition — The law of England

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — Relation of treaties to municipal law — Extradition treaty — Interpretation in municipal courts — Relation to municipal Extradition Act — The law of England

Treaties — Interpretation — Principles and rules of interpretation — Context — Subsequent practice — Relation to municipal statute — Interpretation in municipal courts — Extradition treaty — The law of England

The individual in international law — Extradition — Procedure of extradition — Extradition Agreement between the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany — Relationship between Agreement and Extradition Act 1870 — Production of evidence — Time limit contained in Agreement — Whether running from date of fugitive's arrest on provisional warrant — Provisional warrant procedure appearing in Act but not in Agreement — Whether evidence to be produced to court or to Foreign Office within time limit — Treaty interpretation — Importance of subsequent practice of parties — Importance of treaty provisions as a whole — The law of England

The individual in international law — Extradition — Political offences — Definition of political offence — Importance of the attitude of the government of the requesting State — Bank robbery allegedly designed to raise money for political association — Whether a political offence — Offender tried in a special criminal court under legislation relating to the safety of the State — Whether showing that government of requesting State regarded offence as political — The law of England

The individual in international law — Miscellaneous — Refugees — Definition of refugee — Article 1 of the Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees 1951 — Effect of certificate of refugee status issued by authorities of a State party to the Convention — Provision for compensation for refugees suffering injury as a result of persecution by national socialist regime in Germany — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Diplomatic envoys — The families of diplomatic envoys — Relevant date on which the right to immunity must exist — Communication of the Executive as to whether a person is a diplomatic envoy or not — Whether conclusive — Admissibility in evidence of the communication — Whether inadmissible as hearsay — Waiver of immunity — Whether diplomatic envoy competent to waive immunity — Insurance of car by diplomatic envoy — Whether a commercial activity depriving him of immunity — Whether amounting to waiver of immunity — The law of Ghana

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities — Diplomatic premises — Duty of host State to protect diplomatic premises — Duty justifying restriction on freedom of expression — The law of the United States

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Whether treaty requires implementation by legislation in order to have effects in municipal law — The law of Canada

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement of treaties — Necessity for municipal legislation — Whether treaty part of the domestic law and enforceable as such in the absence of legislation — The law of Canada

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaty obligations — Duty of Member States under United Nations Charter to comply with Security Council Resolution on Southern Rhodesia — Power of Congress to override this obligation — Political question — The law of the United States

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conduct of foreign relations — Power of United States Congress to override treaty obligations — Role of the courts — Political question — The law of the United States

International organization and administration — The United Nations — The Security Council — Obligation of Member States to comply with Security Council resolution — Consideration in municipal court — Legislation inconsistent with this obligation — Security Council Resolution 232 on Southern Rhodesia — The law of the United States

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — Congressional power to override specific treaty obligations — Duty to comply with Security Council Resolution — Embargo on trade with Southern Rhodesia — Whether Congress authorizing breach of embargo — Political question — The law of the United States

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Requirement that United States control trade in drugs in accordance with treaty — Whether permitting Congress to legislate in matters normally reserved for the States — The law of the United States

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — Treaty obliging the United States to take action to control trade in drugs — Whether duty to comply with treaty justifies Congress in passing criminal legislation regulating activities within one State — The law of the United States

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Interpretation and application in municipal law — Treaty establishing the European Economic Community — The law of England

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement. Necessity for municipal legislation — E.E.C. Treaty — Effect in English law — European Communities Act 1972, section 2(1) — The law of England

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Interpretation and application of treaty in municipal law Treaty establishing the European Economic Community — The law of England

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — E.E.C. Treaty — Article 177 — Effect in English law — Reference to European Court of Justice — Whether discretion to refer — European Communities Act 1972, section 3(1)(2) — The law of England