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Measurement invariance across educational levels and gender in 12-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) on caregivers of people with dementia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2017

Chung-Ying Lin Open the ORCID record for Chung-Ying Lin [Opens in a new window] ,
Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku  and
Amir H. Pakpour
Chung-Ying Lin*
Affiliation:
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Amir H. Pakpour
Affiliation:
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: C.-Y. Lin, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Phone: +852-2766-6755; Fax: +852-2764-1435. Email: cylin36933@gmail.com.
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Abstract

Background:

The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) is a commonly used self-report to assess caregiver burden. A 12-item short form of the ZBI has been developed; however, its measurement invariance has not been examined across some different demographics. It is unclear whether different genders and educational levels of a population interpret the ZBI items similarly. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the 12-item ZBI across gender and educational levels in a Taiwanese sample.

Methods:

Caregivers who had a family member with dementia (n = 270) completed the ZBI through telephone interviews. Three confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were conducted: Model 1 was the configural model, Model 2 constrained all factor loadings, Model 3 constrained all factor loadings and item intercepts. Multiple group CFAs and the differential item functioning (DIF) contrast under Rasch analyses were used to detect measurement invariance across males (n = 100) and females (n = 170) and across educational levels of junior high schools and below (n = 86) and senior high schools and above (n = 183).

Results:

The fit index differences between models supported the measurement invariance across gender and across educational levels (∆ comparative fit index (CFI) = −0.010 and 0.003; ∆ root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = −0.006 to 0.004). No substantial DIF contrast was found across gender and educational levels (value = −0.36 to 0.29).

Conclusions:

The ZBI is appropriate for combined use and for comparisons in caregivers across gender and different educational levels in Taiwan.

Keywords

burdencaregivingdementiagendereducationmeasurement invariance
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 29 , Issue 11 , November 2017 , pp. 1841 - 1848
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2017 

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