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12 Drawing on Amartya Sen, Diana Wylie rightly claims, ‘During their industrial revolution, black South Africans obtained only the most restricted “exchange entitlements”.’ Badly put, but correct nevertheless. See Wylie, D., Starving on a Full Stomach: Hunger and the Triumph of Cultural Racism in Modern South Africa (Charlottesville, 2001), 35–44 Google Scholar; see also Beinart, W. and Bundy, C., Hidden Struggles in Rural South Africa (Berkeley, 1987), 21–30, 142–4Google Scholar; see also Phimister, I. R., ‘Peasant production and underdevelopment in Southern Rhodesia, 1890–1914’, African Affairs, 73:291 (1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Darch, Colin, ‘Notas sobre fontes estatísticas ofíciais referentes à economia colonial Moçambicana: uma critíca geral’, Estudos Moçambicanos, 4 (1983–5), 103–25Google Scholar; Iliffe, J., ‘The organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion’, The Journal of African History, 8 (1967), 495–512 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Crais, Poverty, War and Violence in South Africa, 67–121.

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19 National Archives of Zimbabwe (hereafter NAZim) S 138/106 1923–128, Wankie: Confidential 238/712, ‘To Superintendent of Natives: Bulawayo’.

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33 See Native Grievances Committee, ‘Testimony of Stanley Archibald Markham Pritchard’, 26 Jan. 1914, before H. O. Buckle, Magistrates’ Court, Johannesburg, 2–3; see also Moodie, T. D., ‘Maximum average violence: underground assaults on the South African gold mines, 1913–1965’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 31:3 (2005), 553–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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35 South African Industrial Federation (hereafter SAIN) AH 646, Bd 3.30, Historical Papers, William Cullen Library, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, ‘Conference: Between Representatives of the Executive Committee of the Mining Department of the South African Industrial Federation and the Chamber of Mines … Thursday, 20th Dec. 1921’, 6; see also Rickard, T. A., ‘The strike on the rand’, Mining and Engineering Journal, 113:18 (1922), 757 Google Scholar.

36 See Krikler, White Rising, 199–200; see also SAIN AH 646, Bd 6.3.17 to Bd 6.3.22, Historical Papers, William Cullen Library, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, ‘Criminal Cases of Public Violence associated with the Rand Rebellion of 1922: Instructions to Counsel on Defence, Testimony of William Jacobus Stoltz (accused), Testimony of Pieter Jacobus Nel (policeman)’.

37 By the evening of 7 March 1922, and for at least a full week afterward, the corner of Sixteenth Street and Delarey Street in the Vrededorp section of Johannesburg became one of the most dangerous places in South Africa for a non-white person to be: See Anon., ‘Starting trouble: systematic attempts to provoke natives: important affidavits’, Sunday Times, 19 Mar. 1922; see also, SAIN AH 646, Bd 6.3.22, ‘Public Violence …’, 1922 (various testimonies).

38 Native Grievances Committee, ‘Testimony of Herman Melville Taberer’, 6 Feb. 1914, before H. O. Buckle, Magistrates’ Court, Johannesburg, 2–4.

39 See, for example, the correspondence of T. Holcomb, the American Ambassador to South Africa entitled ‘SA Communists on Trial, 6–20 January 1947’, Confidential: U. S. State Department Central Files, South Africa, 1945–1949 (Scholarly Resources).

40 See Berg, M., ‘What difference did women's work make to the industrial revolution’, History Workshop, 35 (1993), 30–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also, E. P. Thompson, The Making of the Working Class, 194–5; Samuel Thorne Papers MS1193, folder 4, ‘The Mining Industry and the Economy of South Africa’, Sterling Library Special Collections, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

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43 E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, 191.

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54 See Chakrabarty, D., ‘Translating life-worlds into labor and history’, in Chakrabarty, D. (ed.), Provincializing Europe (Princeton, 2000), 72–91 Google Scholar.

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58 See AG 2738, Historical Papers, William Cullen Library, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Sharecropping and Tenancy Project, ‘Interview with Mr. M. Moloko [interviewer: Mr. B. Moeketsi]’, Sekama/ Mathopestad, Boons, 20-11-79, Tape Numbers 78A/B and 79A/B; see also ‘Interview with Mrs. R. M. Mogoai [interviewer: M. S. S. Ntoane], 884 Ikageng Location, Pochefstrom, 06-11-1979, Tape Number 72 A/B.

59 See AG 2738, Historical Papers, William Cullen Library, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Sharecropping and Tenancy Project, ‘Interview with Mr. Joe Mahlako [interviewer: M. M. Molepo]’, Tape 81, Aa 14.

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61 Lloyd, ‘Africa and Hobson's imperialism’, 137–8.

62 After years of research and surveying African mineworkers at Anglo Platinum, Nhlanhla Thwala concluded that more than 60 per cent of the workers at Anglo Platinum would support the banning of Fanakalo at the workplace. Moreover, 40 per cent of them believed that Fanakalo was the source many of fatal accidents on the mines: See N. Thwala, ‘The mining sector in South Africa and the search for a workplace language: is Fanakalo still relevant in South Africa?’, Articles on Language: Wits Language School (1 Jul. 2008), 1–4 (http://www.witslanguageschool.com/NewsRoom/ArticleView/).

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